论文标题
耗散混乱的动力学和热力学起源
The dynamical and thermodynamical origin of dissipative chaos
论文作者
论文摘要
混乱通常称为对非线性起着至关重要作用的初始条件的敏感性。除了这样的数学描述之外，对混乱的基本物理起源的理解仍然不太清楚。在这里，我们从非平衡动力学的角度研究了耗散性混乱。尽管洛伦兹（Lorenz）最初发现了来自非平衡气氛的混乱，但在传统混乱理论中并未对此进行充分的研究。我们发现，作为详细平衡度破裂程度的非平衡性可以通过状态空间中稳态概率通量的出现来量化。我们发现，耗散性混乱（如洛伦兹吸引子）的发作和偏移的动态起源来自这种非平衡通量的突然出现和消失。我们还发现，与熵生产率量化的通量相关的耗散给出了耗散性混乱的热力学起源。通量和熵生产率的非平衡程度的急剧变化也为耗散性混乱的发作和抵消提供了替代定量指标。
Chaos is usually referred to the sensitivity to initial conditions in which the nonlinearity plays a crucial role. Beyond such a mathematical description, the understanding of the underlying physical origin of the chaos is still not very clear. Here we study the dissipative chaos from the perspective of the nonequilibrium dynamics. This was not fully investigated in the traditional chaos theory, despite of the Lorenz's original discovery of chaos from the nonequilibrium atmosphere. We found that the nonequilibriumness as the degree of detailed balance breaking can be quantified by the appearance of the steady state probability flux in the state space. We uncovered that the dynamical origin of the onset and offset of the dissipative chaos such as Lorentz attractor is from the sudden appearance and disappearance of such nonequilibrium flux. We also uncovered that the dissipation associated with the flux quantified by the entropy production rate gives the thermodynamical origin of dissipative chaos. The sharp changes in the degree of nonequilibriumness by the flux and the entropy production rate also provide alternative quantitative indicators for the onset and offset of the dissipative chaos.
