论文标题
灾难的入侵率与人口动态的多样性
Invasion rate versus diversity in population dynamics with catastrophes
论文作者
论文摘要
当前多样性危机中的一个关键问题是如何在整个演化中保持多样性以及如何保存。现代共存理论表明，稀有新型类型的高入侵率与多样性直接相关。我们表明，将几乎所有灾难的机理添加到随机出生，死亡和突变过程中，具有有限的载能能力会引起新的相变，其特征是侵袭率阳性，但多样性低。在此阶段，新型出现并迅速增长，但是产生的非常大型的增长会降低多样性。该模型还解决了中性进化模型的两个主要缺点：他们无法解释无需求助于健身差异的平衡选择以及创建观察到的大型大型类型所需的不切实际的时间。我们在遗传多态性的经典情况下测试了该模型：HLA基因座。
A key question in the current diversity crisis is how diversity has been maintained throughout evolution and how to preserve it. Modern coexistence theories suggest that a high invasion rate of rare new types is directly related to diversity. We show that adding almost any mechanism of catastrophes to a stochastic birth, death, and mutation process with limited carrying capacity induces a novel phase transition characterized by a positive invasion rate but a low diversity. In this phase, new types emerge and grow rapidly, but the resulting growth of very large types decreases diversity. This model also resolves two major drawbacks of neutral evolution models: their failure to explain balancing selection without resorting to fitness differences and the unrealistic time required for the creation of the observed large types. We test this model on a classical case of genetic polymorphism: the HLA locus.
