论文标题
高速测试梁望远镜Chromie的调试和模拟
Commissioning and simulation of CHROMIE, a high-rate test beam telescope
论文作者
论文摘要
LHC升级到高光度LHC（HL-LHC）的升级有望将当前的瞬时发光度增加5至7倍，从而提供了研究稀有过程并精确测量标准模型参数的机会。为了应对堆积的增加（多达200个），颗粒密度和辐射，CMS将构建具有较高粒度（减少占用率）和改善辐射硬度的新硅跟踪设备。在梁下进行的研发期测试是一种有力的方法，可以在现实条件下开发和检查硅传感器的行为。对于CMS实验的需求，使用的望远镜目前的读数缓慢（少于10 kHz），因为新的外部跟踪器模块的有效返回到零时间为25 ns（对应于40 MHz频率），并且触发率为750 kHz。为了测试LHC标称速率下的CMS跟踪器模块，在CERN上设计，构建和委托使用CMMS相2台2号跟踪器升级的Promotype模块，设计，构建和委托使用名为Chromie（CMS高速望远镜机）的像素望远镜。在本文中，介绍了Chromie的设计，其模块的校准以及其时间和同步方面以及第一个梁测试结果。此外，讨论了为Chromie开发的跟踪算法，以及对梁下望远镜进行初步的GEANT4模拟研究。
The upgrade of the LHC to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to increase the current instantaneous luminosity by a factor of 5 to 7, providing the opportunity to study rare processes and measure precisely the standard model parameters. To cope with the increase in pile-up (up to 200), particle density and radiation, CMS will build new silicon tracking devices with higher granularity (to reduce occupancy) and improved radiation hardness. During the R&D period tests performed under beam are a powerful way to develop and examine the behavior of silicon sensors in realistic conditions. The telescopes used up to now have a slow readout (less than 10 kHz) for the needs of the CMS experiment, since the new outer-tracker modules have an effective return-to-zero time of 25 ns (corresponding to a 40 MHz frequency) and a trigger rate of 750 kHz. In order to test the CMS Tracker modules under the LHC nominal rate, a pixel telescope named CHROMIE (CMS High Rate telescOpe MachInE) is designed, built and commissioned at CERN for beam tests with prototype modules for the CMS Phase-2 Tracker upgrade. In this article the design of CHROMIE, the calibration of its modules, and its timing and synchronization aspects are presented, along with the first beam test results. In addition, the tracking algorithm developed for CHROMIE and a preliminary Geant4 simulation study of the telescope under beam are discussed.
