论文标题
在电离时期,双光谱和21厘米的前景
The bispectrum and 21cm foregrounds during the Epoch of Reionization
论文作者
论文摘要
许多研究已经确定了21厘米双光谱的理论潜力,以提高我们对电离时代(EOR)的理解,从而提高了恒星和星系的早期一代。在本文中,我们研究了前景和工具效应对21厘米双光谱的影响以及我们测量它的能力。与功率谱(在没有仪器效果的情况下)的功率谱不同,有一个窗户远离光滑的前景,可以检测到21厘米的功率谱,而Bispectrum没有这样的“ EOR窗口”。取而代之的是,在较小的尺度上,EOR结构调节前景(FG)的结构以复杂的方式从前景的EOR+FG Biseptrum改变。在较大的尺度上,EOR结构被前景的结构完全淹没了,EOR+FG Biseptrum完全由前景的主导。因此,在我们观察到使用前景回避技术的情况下,双光谱不可能有用。我们还发现,工具效应可能会严重损坏双光谱,甚至可能使双光谱无用以进行参数估计。在较大的尺度上,发现使用GMCA去除前景将EOR双光谱恢复到合理的准确性水平(甚至比某些配置的功率谱更好)。需要进一步的研究以了解与前景删除相关的错误和/或偏差,然后实际上可以将21厘米的双光谱用于未来数据分析。
Numerous studies have established the theoretical potential of the 21cm bispectrum to boost our understanding of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), and therefore early generation of stars and galaxies. In this paper we look at the impact of foregrounds and instrumental effects on the 21cm bispectrum and our ability to measure it. Unlike the power spectrum for which (in the absence of instrumental effects) there is a window clear of smooth-spectrum foregrounds in which the 21cm power spectrum may be detectable, there is no such "EoR window" for the bispectrum. Instead, on smaller scales EoR structure modulates that of the foregrounds (FG) to alter the EoR+FG bispectrum from that of the foregrounds in a complex manner. On larger scales the EoR structures are completely swamped by those of the foregrounds, and the EoR+FG bispectrum is entirely dominated by that of the foregrounds. It is therefore unlikely that the bispectrum will be useful in cases where we are observationally restricted to using foreground avoidance techniques. We also find that there is potential for instrumental effects to seriously corrupt the bispectrum, possibly even rendering the bispectrum useless for parameter estimation. On larger scales, foreground removal using GMCA is found to recover the EoR bispectrum to a reasonable level of accuracy (even better than the power spectrum for certain configurations). Further studies are necessary to understand the error and/or bias associated with foreground removal before the 21cm bispectrum can be practically applied in analysis of future data.