论文标题
α衰变的单粒子单元
The single-particle unit for alpha decay
论文作者
论文摘要
量子力学的显着特征是集体量子运动的固有特性，当明显的独立准粒子以高度相关的轨迹移动，从而导致强烈增强的过渡概率。为了评估集体数量的扩展，需要对不相关的平均运动进行适当的定义，该运动通常由单个粒子单位表示。核物理学的一个众所周知的例子是电磁过渡的Weisskopf单元，该单元揭示了集体运动的不同方面。在本文中，我们定义了Weisskopf推导后的α衰减的相应单个粒子单元。我们评估了四个不相关/非相互作用质子和中子引起的α衰变幅度，并将其与从观察到的衰减速率中提取的α诱导。我们的定义阐明了α衰减中的集体性，并促进了沿核图表的所有α衰减过程的统一描述。我们的形式主义也适用于其他粒子衰减过程。
A salient feature of quantum mechanics is the inherent property of collective quantum motion, when apparent independent quasiparticles move in highly correlated trajectories, resulting in strongly enhanced transition probabilities. To assess the extend of a collective quantity requires an appropriate definition of the uncorrelated average motion, often expressed by single particle units. A well known example in nuclear physics is the Weisskopf unit for electromagnetic transitions which reveals different aspects of collective motion. In this paper we define the corresponding single particle unit for alpha decay following Weisskopf's derivations. We evaluate the alpha decay amplitude as induced by four uncorrelated/non-interacting protons and neutrons and compare it with the one extracted from observed decay rates. Our definition elucidates the collectivity in alpha decay and facilitates an unified description of all alpha decay processes along the nuclear chart. Our formalism is also applicable to other particle decay processes.
