论文标题

(2014年)类似于MU69的Kuiper belt接触二进制物的起源

Origin of (2014) MU69-like Kuiper-belt contact binaries from wide binaries

论文作者

Grishin, Evgeni, Malamud, Uri, Perets, Hagai B., Wandel, Oliver, Schaefer, Christoph M.

论文摘要

在其Flyby并首先对冥王星Charon二进制进行成像之后,新的视野航天器访问了Kuiper-belt-Object(KBO)(KBO)(486958)2014 MU69(Arrokoth)。成像显示MU69是一个接触式二进制,由两个由狭窄的颈部连接的单个裂片制成,在低自旋时期旋转(15.92 h),并且具有高倾斜度(〜98 ver),类似于其他通过光度观测来推断的KBO接触量。这种特殊配置的起源令人困惑,并且有关接触型的起源建议的所有场景都无法复制此类属性及其可能的高频。在这里,我们表明,仅在超宽(〜0.1-0.4 Hill-radius)KBO二元组上运行的半股扰动可以牢固地导致以任意高的斜率但低旋转速度的柔和,慢速二进制合并,从而可以再现Mu69的(且类似的斜斜线)特征。使用N体模拟,我们发现在所有具有余弦均匀倾斜度分布的超宽二进制文件中,约有15%可能通过此过程合并。此外,我们发现此类合并足够温和,以至于仅略微变形KBO形状,并且可以产生MU69的测得的旋转速度。半代表接触二进制形成通道不仅解释了观察到的MU69的特性,而且还可以适用于其他Kuiper/小行星带二进制组,以及太阳/极性月亮系统。

Following its flyby and first imaging the Pluto-Charon binary, the New Horizons spacecraft visited the Kuiper-Belt-Object (KBO) (486958) 2014 MU69 (Arrokoth). Imaging showed MU69 to be a contact-binary, made of two individual lobes connected by a narrow neck, rotating at low spin period (15.92 h), and having high obliquity (~98 deg), similar to other KBO contact-binaries inferred through photometric observations. The origin of such peculiar configurations is puzzling, and all scenarios suggested for the origins of contact-binaries fail to reproduce such properties and their likely high frequency. Here we show that semi-secular perturbations operating only on ultra-wide (~0.1-0.4 Hill-radius) KBO-binaries can robustly lead to gentle, slow-speed binary mergers at arbitrarily high obliquities, but low rotational velocities, that can reproduce MU69's (and similar oblique contact binaries) characteristics. Using N-body simulations, we find that ~15% of all ultra-wide binaries with cosine-uniform inclination distribution are likely to merge through this process. Moreover, we find that such mergers are sufficiently gentle as to only slightly deform the KBO shape, and can produce the measured rotation speed of MU69. The semi-secular contact-binary formation channel not only explains the observed properties of MU69, but could also apply for other Kuiper/asteroid belt binaries, and for Solar/extra-solar moon systems.

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