论文标题
超冷宇宙中强一级过渡的相变动力学和重力波谱
Phase transition dynamics and gravitational wave spectra of strong first-order phase transition in supercooled universe
论文作者
论文摘要
相变动力学可能在早期宇宙的进化历史中起重要作用，例如其在电动eak baryogenogeny and dark Matters中的可能作用。我们系统地讨论并阐明了强大的一阶相变（SFOPT）期间相变动力学的重要细节。我们将SFOPT分为四种类型：略微冷却，轻度过冷，强冷冷和超级冷却。使用不同的特征温度，长度尺度和气泡壁速度，详细研究了相应的引力波（GW）光谱。我们强调计算相变动力学和GW光谱时使用正确的特征温度和长度尺度的重要性。特别是，对于强冷冷和超冷的情况，在成核温度下计算的结果与在渗流温度下得出的结果之间存在明显的相变强度和GW光谱。对于超级冷却案例，我们提出了一个标准，以量化相变可以终止。除了与模型无关的讨论外，我们还将三个代表性模型作为具体示例，以清楚地显示其中的微妙点。
Phase transition dynamics may play important roles in the evolution history of the early universe, such as its possible roles in electroweak baryogenesis and dark matter.We systematically discuss and clarify the important details of the phase transition dynamics during a strong first-order phase transition (SFOPT). We classify the SFOPT into four types: slight supercooling, mild supercooling, strong supercooling, and ultra supercooling. Using different characteristic temperatures, length scales and bubble wall velocities, the corresponding gravitational wave (GW) spectra are investigated in details. We emphasize the essential importance of using the correct characteristic temperature and length scale when the phase transition dynamics and GW spectra are calculated. Especially, for strong supercooling and ultra supercooling cases, there are obvious differences of the phase transition strength and GW spectra between the results calculated at the nucleation temperature and those derived at the percolation temperature. For ultra supercooling case, we propose a criterion to quantify whether the phase transition can terminate. Besides the model-independent discussions, we also study three representative models as concrete examples to clearly show the subtle points therein.
