论文标题

恶魔主题的变化:Szilard的其他引擎

Variations on a Demonic Theme: Szilard's Other Engines

论文作者

Ray, Kyle J., Crutchfield, James P.

论文摘要

Szilard现在著名的单分子发动机只是他在1929年推出的三个结构中的第一个,可以解决麦克斯韦的恶魔引起的几种悖论。我们分析了Szilard的其余两个恶魔模型。我们表明,尽管第二个采用不同分子种群和半渗透膜种群的实施明显不同,但在信息上和热力学上是相当于单分子发动机的理想气体。由于它是一个非互动颗粒的气体,因此在Boyd和Crutchfield之后得出结论,(i)它减少了混乱的动力学系统 - 称为Szilard Map,这是三个分段线性图的复合材料,该组合实现了测量,控制和擦除的热力学转换; (ii)它的暂时性功能是将混乱的热能转换为工作的发动机,受kolmogorov-sinai熵率的控制; (iii)恶魔最佳功能的最低必要“智能”是由发动机的统计复杂性给出的,(iv)其功能使热力学界限饱和,因此它是最小,最佳的实现。我们表明,Szilard的第三个模型大不相同,并解决了由前两个提出的基本问题,即在热力学系统和熵产生中的测量和测量。综上所述,Szilard的建筑套件提出了一系列可能的实现麦克斯韦恶魔的实现,这些恶魔将在将近二十年的时间和维也纳的信息概念中预期,这是惊喜和控制论的功能信息概念。反过来,这对利用显微镜波动的新型纳米级信息引擎的工程实施提供了新的见解,并将其在物理,分子,生物化学和生物系统的热力学机制和固有计算的多样性中。

Szilard's now-famous single-molecule engine was only the first of three constructions he introduced in 1929 to resolve several paradoxes arising from Maxwell's demon. We analyze Szilard's remaining two demon models. We show that the second one, though a markedly different implementation employing a population of distinct molecular species and semi-permeable membranes, is informationally and thermodynamically equivalent to an ideal gas of the single-molecule engines. Since it is a gas of noninteracting particles one concludes, following Boyd and Crutchfield, that (i) it reduces to a chaotic dynamical system---called the Szilard Map, a composite of three piecewise linear maps that implement the thermodynamic transformations of measurement, control, and erasure; (ii) its transitory functioning as an engine that converts disorganized heat energy to work is governed by the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy rate; (iii) the demon's minimum necessary "intelligence" for optimal functioning is given by the engine's statistical complexity, and (iv) its functioning saturates thermodynamic bounds and so it is a minimal, optimal implementation. We show that Szilard's third model is rather different and addresses the fundamental issue, raised by the first two, of measurement in and by thermodynamic systems and entropy generation. Taken together, Szilard's suite of constructions lays out a range of possible realizations of Maxwellian demons that anticipated by almost two decades Shannon's and Wiener's concept of information as surprise and cybernetics' notion of functional information. This, in turn, gives new insight into engineering implementations of novel nanoscale information engines that leverage microscopic fluctuations and into the diversity of thermodynamic mechanisms and intrinsic computation harnessed in physical, molecular, biochemical, and biological systems.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源