论文标题
从计数电子到校准Ammeters：改进的小型电流测量方法的方法
From Counting Electrons to Calibrating Ammeters: Improved Methodologies for Traceable Measurements of Small Electric Currents
论文作者
论文摘要
新技术是超稳定的低噪声电流放大器和电子泵，提供了可追溯测量小型直流电流的新方法。我们回顾了针对小型电流测量值的四个可追溯性途径，并讨论了每个可追溯性途径。我们提出了三个有关当前校准小的案例研究，突出了噪声和漂移仪器偏移的作用。我们展示了如何将Allan偏差用作设计校准周期以正确消除校准数据中漂流仪器偏移的统计工具。我们还为低电流电流表提供了简化的噪声模型，该模型预测了校准中可实现的统计不确定性的下限。
New technology, the ultrastable low-noise current amplifier and the electron pump, provide new methods for making traceable measurements of small DC electric currents. We review four traceability routes for small current measurements and discuss the merits of each one. We present three case studies of small current calibrations, highlighting the role of noise and drifting instrument offsets. We show how the Allan deviation is used as a statistical tool for designing a calibration cycle to correctly eliminate drifting instrument offsets from calibration data. We also present a simplified noise model for a low-current ammeter which predicts a lower limit to the achievable statistical uncertainty in a calibration.
