论文标题

基于信心加权多数投票的小组决策

Group Decisions based on Confidence Weighted Majority Voting

论文作者

Meyen, Sascha, Sigg, Dorothee M. B., von Luxburg, Ulrike, Franz, Volker H.

论文摘要

背景:据反复报道,在不确定性下做出决定时,团体的表现要优于个人。在实验室设置中,实际组通常被模拟组所取代:而不是进行实际的组讨论,而是通过数值计算来汇总单个响应。尽管研究通常使用未加权的多数投票(MV)进行此汇总,但理论上最佳方法是置信度加权多数投票(CWMV) - 如果可以使用单个响应的置信度评级。但是,尚不清楚理论上得出的CWMV方法如何预测真正的群体决策和信心。因此,我们将使用CWMV和MV的模拟组响应与实际组响应进行了比较。 结果:基于CWMV的模拟组决策非常匹配实际小组决策的准确性,而基于MV的模拟组决策显示出较低的精度。此外,CWMV很好地预测了小组对小组决策的信心。然而,个人和真实的群体对不信任表现出偏见,而CWMV则没有。 结论:我们的结果突出了研究小组决策时要考虑个人信心的重要性:我们发现,真正的群体可以汇总个人的信心,以便它们与CWMV给出的最佳聚集匹配。这意味着使用模拟小组决策的研究应使用CWMV而不是MV。

Background: It has repeatedly been reported that when making decisions under uncertainty, groups outperform individuals. In a lab setting, real groups are often replaced by simulated groups: Instead of performing an actual group discussion, individual responses are aggregated by a numerical computation. While studies typically use unweighted majority voting (MV) for this aggregation, the theoretically optimal method is confidence weighted majority voting (CWMV) -- if confidence ratings for the individual responses are available. However, it is not entirely clear how well the theoretically derived CWMV method predicts real group decisions and confidences. Therefore, we compared simulated group responses using CWMV and MV to real group responses. Results: Simulated group decisions based on CWMV matched the accuracy of real group decisions very well, while simulated group decisions based on MV showed lower accuracy. Also, CWMV well predicted the confidence that groups put into their group decisions. Yet, individuals and real groups showed a bias towards under-confidence while CWMV does not. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of taking into account individual confidences when investigating group decisions: We found that real groups can aggregate individual confidences such that they match the optimal aggregation given by CWMV. This implies that research using simulated group decisions should use CWMV and not MV.

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