论文标题
液滴的物理化学流体动力学以平衡出现：透视评论
Physicochemical Hydrodynamics of Droplets out of Equilibrium: A Perspective Review
论文作者
论文摘要
大自然和技术的液滴比比皆是。通常，它们是多组分，并且在均衡时以浓度为梯度，意味着流量和质量传输。此外，通过蒸发，凝固，溶解或新阶段的蒸发，溶解或成核可以发生相变。液滴及其周围的液体可以是二进制，三元，甚至包含更多的组件，甚至有几个相位。在过去的二十年中或数字。 这篇综述将讨论液滴系统的物理化学水动力学的各种示例，远非平衡以及我们目前对它们的理解。 These include immiscible droplets in a concentration gradient, coalescence of droplets of different liquids, droplets in concentration gradients emerging from chemical reactions (including droplets as microswimmers) and phase transitions such as evaporation, solidification, dissolution, or nucleation, and droplets in ternary liquids, including solvent exchange, nano-precipitation, and the so-called ouzo effect.我们还将讨论此类液滴系统的物理化学水动力学对于许多重要应用的相关性，包括在化学分析和诊断，微分析，药物，合成化学和生物学，化学和环境工程，石油和补救工业，Inkjet工业，Inkjet Printing，用于微型和纳米和Nano-Myterials和NananOlgoy。
Droplets abound in nature and technology. In general, they are multicomponent, and, when out of equilibrium, with gradients in concentration, implying flow and mass transport. Moreover, phase transitions can occur, with either evaporation, solidification, dissolution, or nucleation of a new phase. The droplets and their surrounding liquid can be binary, ternary, or contain even more components, and with several even in different phases. In the last two decades the rapid advances in experimental and numerical fluid dynamical techniques has enabled major progress in our understanding of the physicochemical hydrodynamics of such droplets, further narrowing the gap from fluid dynamics to chemical engineering and colloid & interfacial science and arriving at a quantitative understanding of multicomponent and multiphase droplet systems far from equilibrium, and aiming towards a one-to-one comparison between experiments and theory or numerics. This review will discuss various examples of the physicochemical hydrodynamics of droplet systems far from equilibrium and our present understanding of them. These include immiscible droplets in a concentration gradient, coalescence of droplets of different liquids, droplets in concentration gradients emerging from chemical reactions (including droplets as microswimmers) and phase transitions such as evaporation, solidification, dissolution, or nucleation, and droplets in ternary liquids, including solvent exchange, nano-precipitation, and the so-called ouzo effect. We will also discuss the relevance of the physicochemical hydrodynamics of such droplet systems for many important applications, including in chemical analysis and diagnostics, microanalysis, pharmaceutics, synthetic chemistry and biology, chemical and environmental engineering, the oil and remediation industries, inkjet-printing, for micro- and nano-materials, and in nanotechnolgoy.
