论文标题
难以通过加密嘴难度控制区块链采矿成本的困难
A Difficulty in Controlling Blockchain Mining Costs via Cryptopuzzle Difficulty
论文作者
论文摘要
区块链系统通常采用工作证明共识协议来验证和将交易添加到桥梁中。这些方案刺激了矿工之间在解决加密封锁(例如,比特币中的SHA-256哈希计算)方面的竞争,以换取货币奖励。在这里,我们将挖掘建模为全付拍卖,其中矿工的计算工作被解释为投标,并且分配函数是在单次尝试中以单位(归一化)计算能力来解决加密嘴的概率。这样的分配函数捕获了区块链系统如何控制加密嘴的难度,这是矿工计算能力(BIDS)的函数。为了降低采矿成本,我们研究了设计采用拍卖机制,该机制在矿工之间引起了矿物的平衡,而矿工的选择分布会随着每个矿工的成本而单方面降低。我们表明,不可能设计执行此操作的宽大分配函数。具体而言,我们表明,如果没有分配功能会阻止矿工在Logit均衡下竞标更高的成本,如果相对于每个矿工的成本的难度变化率与所有矿工的成本总和的倒数。
Blockchain systems often employ proof-of-work consensus protocols to validate and add transactions into hashchains. These protocols stimulate competition among miners in solving cryptopuzzles (e.g. SHA-256 hash computation in Bitcoin) in exchange for a monetary reward. Here, we model mining as an all-pay auction, where miners' computational efforts are interpreted as bids, and the allocation function is the probability of solving the cryptopuzzle in a single attempt with unit (normalized) computational capability. Such an allocation function captures how blockchain systems control the difficulty of the cryptopuzzle as a function of miners' computational abilities (bids). In an attempt to reduce mining costs, we investigate designing a mining auction mechanism which induces a logit equilibrium amongst the miners with choice distributions that are unilaterally decreasing with costs at each miner. We show it is impossible to design a lenient allocation function that does this. Specifically, we show that there exists no allocation function that discourages miners to bid higher costs at logit equilibrium, if the rate of change of difficulty with respect to each miner's cost is bounded by the inverse of the sum of costs at all the miners.