论文标题
Covid-19的基于智能手机的电子接触跟踪如何可靠？
How Reliable is Smartphone-based Electronic Contact Tracing for COVID-19?
论文作者
论文摘要
目前，基于智能手机的电子接触跟踪被认为是缓解封锁，宵禁和全球大多数政府在响应2020年新颖的冠状病毒（SARS-COV-2）危机的基本工具。虽然关注基于智能手机的联系跟踪应用程序或应用程序一直存在于使用此类应用程序引起的隐私问题，但尚未受到足够关注的一个重要问题是：这种基于智能手机的电子接触跟踪将如何可靠？ 这是一个技术问题，与两台智能手机如何可靠地注册其相互接近性有关。在这里，我们详细研究了有效的基于智能手机的联系跟踪所需的技术先决条件。任何触点跟踪应用程序所依赖的基本机制称为邻居发现（ND），涉及智能手机传输和扫描蓝牙信号，以记录其相互存在时，每当它们处于近距离状态时。但是，硬件支持和用于智能手机中ND的软件协议并不是为了可靠的接触跟踪而设计的。在本文中，我们定量评估智能手机可以如何可靠地接触跟踪。我们的结果表明，设计可穿戴的解决方案用于接触式跟踪，该解决方案可以克服基于智能手机的解决方案的缺点，以提供更可靠和准确的接触跟踪。据我们所知，这是量化适用性以及基于智能手机的联系跟踪的缺点的第一项研究。此外，我们的结果可用于参数化和协议，以最大化使用它的任何触点跟踪应用程序的可靠性。
Smartphone-based electronic contact tracing is currently considered an essential tool towards easing lockdowns, curfews, and shelter-in-place orders issued by most governments around the world in response to the 2020 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) crisis. While the focus on developing smartphone-based contact tracing applications or apps has been on privacy concerns stemming from the use of such apps, an important question that has not received sufficient attention is: How reliable will such smartphone-based electronic contact tracing be? This is a technical question related to how two smartphones reliably register their mutual proximity. Here, we examine in detail the technical prerequisites required for effective smartphone-based contact tracing. The underlying mechanism that any contact tracing app relies on is called Neighbor Discovery (ND), which involves smartphones transmitting and scanning for Bluetooth signals to record their mutual presence whenever they are in close proximity. The hardware support and the software protocols used for ND in smartphones, however, were not designed for reliable contact tracing. In this paper, we quantitatively evaluate how reliably can smartphones do contact tracing. Our results point towards the design of a wearable solution for contact tracing that can overcome the shortcomings of a smartphone-based solution to provide more reliable and accurate contact tracing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that quantifies, both, the suitability and also the drawbacks of smartphone-based contact tracing. Further, our results can be used to parameterize a ND protocol to maximize the reliability of any contact tracing app that uses it.
