论文标题
超新星触发终端灭绝的触发器
Supernova Triggers for End-Devonian Extinctions
论文作者
论文摘要
泥盆纪晚期是一个旷日持久的较低物种形成的时期，导致生物多样性下降，最终在泥盆纪碳酸盐边界附近的灭绝事件中达到顶峰。最近的证据表明，最终的灭绝事件可能与平流层臭氧的急剧下降可能是由于全球温度升高所致。在这里，我们研究了假定的臭氧滴剂的另一种可能原因：附近的超新星爆炸可能通过加速宇宙射线来造成损害，该射线可以提供电离辐射，最高为$ \ sim 100 $ kyr。因此，我们建议最终devonian的灭绝是由$ \ sim 20 $ PC触发的，超出了“杀死距离”，这将造成全部巨大的灭绝。这种附近的超新星很可能是由于巨大恒星的核心堆成造成的。这些集中在太阳驻留的薄银河盘中。检测一个或多个末端 - 末端灭绝层中长寿命的放射性同位素SM-146或PU-244都将确认超新星的起源，这表明了巨大的恒星的核心爆炸爆炸，以及探测超新星核核细胞。讨论了超新星假设的其他可能的测试。
The Late Devonian was a protracted period of low speciation resulting in biodiversity decline, culminating in extinction events near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Recent evidence indicates that the final extinction event may have coincided with a dramatic drop in stratospheric ozone, possibly due to a global temperature rise. Here we study an alternative possible cause for the postulated ozone drop: a nearby supernova explosion that could inflict damage by accelerating cosmic rays that can deliver ionizing radiation for up to $\sim 100$ kyr. We therefore propose that the end-Devonian extinctions were triggered by supernova explosions at $\sim 20$ pc, somewhat beyond the "kill distance" that would have precipitated a full mass extinction. Such nearby supernovae are likely due to core-collapses of massive stars; these are concentrated in the thin Galactic disk where the Sun resides. Detecting either of the long-lived radioisotopes Sm-146 or Pu-244 in one or more end-Devonian extinction strata would confirm a supernova origin, point to the core-collapse explosion of a massive star, and probe supernova nucleosythesis. Other possible tests of the supernova hypothesis are discussed.
