论文标题
来自非相关性冲击动力瞬变的高能中微子和伽马射线
High-Energy Neutrinos and Gamma-Rays from Non-Relativistic Shock-Powered Transients
论文作者
论文摘要
冲击相互作用已被认为在为一系列光学瞬变提供动力，包括超新星（尤其是超小观类），古典Novae，Stellar合并，潮汐破坏事件和快速的蓝色光学瞬变。这些相同的冲击可以加速相对论离子，从而通过HADRONIC PION产生产生高能中微子和伽马射线的发射。最近发现，经典Novae中时间相关的光学和伽马射线发射的发现揭示了辐射冲击在为这些事件供电的动力方面的重要作用，从而使对离子加速度的特性具有前所未有的观点，包括其在外外瞬变中的相似物理条件下，包括其效率和能量光谱。在这里，我们介绍了一个模型，用于将非相关瞬变的辐射光通畅连接到其最大中微子和伽马射线通量。我们将此技术应用于各种外乳外瞬态类别，以对其对宇宙学高能量伽马射线和中微子背景的贡献限制。基于校准为Novae的辐射冲击的简单模型，我们证明了几个最具发光的瞬变可以将质子加速到能量$ e _ {\ rm max} \ gtrsim 10^{16} $ ev，足以有助于ICECUBE STROPHOLOPOLICACICALCACT。此外，由于其弹射器的高伽马射线不透明度，因此有几种考虑的来源$ $ - 尤其是廉价的超新星$ - $ - $ $可能是“隐藏的”伽马射线来源，这是由于非blazar fermi-lat背景所施加的。但是，采用离子加速效率$ \ sim $ 0.3-1 $ \％$ $ \％$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ \％，我们发现目前已知的非权利主义，潜在的潜在电击瞬态的类别最多在iCecube背景的最多贡献。
Shock interaction has been argued to play a role in powering a range of optical transients, including supernovae (particularly the superluminous class), classical novae, stellar mergers, tidal disruption events, and fast blue optical transients. These same shocks can accelerate relativistic ions, generating high-energy neutrino and gamma-ray emission via hadronic pion production. The recent discovery of time-correlated optical and gamma-ray emission in classical novae has revealed the important role of radiative shocks in powering these events, enabling an unprecedented view of the properties of ion acceleration, including its efficiency and energy spectrum, under similar physical conditions to shocks in extragalactic transients. Here we introduce a model for connecting the radiated optical fluence of non-relativistic transients to their maximal neutrino and gamma-ray fluence. We apply this technique to a wide range of extragalactic transient classes in order to place limits on their contributions to the cosmological high-energy gamma-ray and neutrino backgrounds. Based on a simple model for diffusive shock acceleration at radiative shocks, calibrated to novae, we demonstrate that several of the most luminous transients can accelerate protons up to energies $E_{\rm max} \gtrsim 10^{16}$ eV, sufficient to contribute to the IceCube astrophysical background. Furthermore, several of the considered sources$-$particularly hydrogen-poor supernovae$-$may serve as "hidden" gamma-ray sources due to the high gamma-ray opacity of their ejecta, evading constraints imposed by the non-blazar Fermi-LAT background. However, adopting an ion acceleration efficiency $\sim$ 0.3-1$\%$ motivated by nova observations, we find that currently known classes of non-relativistic, potentially shock-powered transients contribute at most a few percent of the total IceCube background.
