论文标题
量化认知
Toward the quantification of cognition
论文作者
论文摘要
人脑的机械 - 模拟，概率，体现 - 可以在计算上表征，但是哪些机械赋予了哪些计算能力？任何这样的系统都可以通过两个计算组件来抽象地施放：通过电流，化学或力学进行计算步骤的有限状态机；再加上一组允许的内存操作，通常是根据信息存储的信息存储，无论是通过突触更改，状态过渡还是经常性活动，该信息存储器都可以读取和写入。探索这些机制的信息内容，我们可以捕获各种系统能够具有的计算能力差异。从感知到行动再到记忆，大多数人类认知能力都与其他物种共享。我们试图表征那些（少数）在人类中普遍存在的（几个）功能，而其他物种则没有。强大约束的三个领域 - a）可衡量的人类认知能力，b）可测量的异形解剖学大脑特征，c）特定自动机和形式语法的可测量特征 - 表明了对人类能力的明显急剧限制，意外地将人类认知限制在人类认知到特定的自动群（“巢式堆栈”）上，这是在下面的，这是在下面的truck ancackation tustraction turuck ancackachace tust rack的。
The machinery of the human brain -- analog, probabilistic, embodied -- can be characterized computationally, but what machinery confers what computational powers? Any such system can be abstractly cast in terms of two computational components: a finite state machine carrying out computational steps, whether via currents, chemistry, or mechanics; plus a set of allowable memory operations, typically formulated in terms of an information store that can be read from and written to, whether via synaptic change, state transition, or recurrent activity. Probing these mechanisms for their information content, we can capture the difference in computational power that various systems are capable of. Most human cognitive abilities, from perception to action to memory, are shared with other species; we seek to characterize those (few) capabilities that are ubiquitously present among humans and absent from other species. Three realms of formidable constraints -- a) measurable human cognitive abilities, b) measurable allometric anatomic brain characteristics, and c) measurable features of specific automata and formal grammars -- illustrate remarkably sharp restrictions on human abilities, unexpectedly confining human cognition to a specific class of automata ("nested stack"), which are markedly below Turing machines.
