论文标题
一种测量少数电子纳米电视中熵的热力学方法
A thermodynamic approach to measuring entropy in a few-electron nanodevice
论文作者
论文摘要
系统的熵对其显微镜的自由度有了深入的了解，但是通过热容量测量熵的标准实验方法很难在中尺度和纳米级系统中应用，因为它们需要测量越来越小的热量。这个问题要求使用根本不同的测量方法，这些方法不会随着系统尺寸的降低而无法降低准确性。对于库仑封锁状态下的纳米电器，只有两个纯电动的电荷状态，已经提出了两种纯电力，尺寸无关的，可测量电荷状态之间的熵差的方法：通过运输属性和电荷平衡测量。我们建议使用库仑阻滞电动纳米版本中熵的熵的自一稳态热力学框架，该框架均包含现有的熵测量方法，将其概括，并扩展到具有与每个电荷状态相对应的任意复杂的微晶格的系统。
The entropy of a system gives a powerful insight into its microscopic degrees of freedom, however standard experimental ways of measuring entropy through heat capacity are hard to apply in mesoscale and nanoscale systems, as they require the measurement of increasingly small amounts of heat. This problem calls for radically different measurement methods that do not suffer from decreasing accuracy with the decreasing size of the system. For nanoelectric devices in the state of Coulomb blockade, with only two energetically accessible charge states, two purely electric, size-independent methods of measuring the entropy difference between the charge states have been proposed: through transport properties and charge balance measurements. We suggest a self-consistent thermodynamic framework for the treatment of entropy in Coulomb-blocked electric nanodevices which incorporates both existing entropy measurement methods, generalises them, and expands to systems with arbitrarily complex microstates corresponding to each charge state.
