论文标题

FIFER:在无服务器时代解决未充分利用

Fifer: Tackling Underutilization in the Serverless Era

论文作者

Gunasekaran, Jashwant Raj, Thinakaran, Prashanth, Chidambaram, Nachiappan, Kandemir, Mahmut T., Das, Chita R.

论文摘要

数据中心正在目睹基于微服务的应用程序的无服务器功能的采用迅速激增。这些微服务的绝大多数通常跨越一秒钟,具有严格的SLO要求,并根据应用程序的要求将其链接在一起。上述特征引入了一系列新的挑战,尤其是在容器的配置和管理方面,因为在无服务器平台中使用的最新资源管理框架倾向于研究类似于传统整体应用类似的基于微服务的应用程序。因此,这些框架遭受了微服务不足的调度调度和巨大的容器过度处理,尤其是在工作负载波动期间,从而导致资源利用率不佳。 在这项工作中,我们使用Kubernetes和Brigade无服务器框架管理的多节点群集上的各种工作负载来量化上述缺点。为了解决这些问题,我们建议\ emph {fifer} - 一种自适应资源管理框架,以有效地管理无服务器平台上的功能链。关键的想法是通过使用功能感知的容器缩放和智能请求批处理和(ii)同时通过有效地将垃圾堆放到更少的容器中,使\ emph {fifer}(i)通过有效地将作业固定在更少的容器中,并通过主动散发产卵容器来避免使用冷启动,从而避免冷启动,从而最大程度地减少了整体响应响应的响应量。与无服务器平台使用的最先进的调度程序相比,将这些好处结合起来\ Emph {fifer}分别将容器的利用率和整个范围的能源消耗提高了4倍和31%。

Datacenters are witnessing a rapid surge in the adoption of serverless functions for microservices-based applications. A vast majority of these microservices typically span less than a second, have strict SLO requirements, and are chained together as per the requirements of an application. The aforementioned characteristics introduce a new set of challenges, especially in terms of container provisioning and management, as the state-of-the-art resource management frameworks, employed in serverless platforms, tend to look at microservice-based applications similar to conventional monolithic applications. Hence, these frameworks suffer from microservice-agnostic scheduling and colossal container over-provisioning, especially during workload fluctuations, thereby resulting in poor resource utilization. In this work, we quantify the above shortcomings using a variety of workloads on a multi-node cluster managed by Kubernetes and Brigade serverless framework. To address them, we propose \emph{Fifer} -- an adaptive resource management framework to efficiently manage function-chains on serverless platforms. The key idea is to make \emph{Fifer} (i) utilization conscious by efficiently bin packing jobs to fewer containers using function-aware container scaling and intelligent request batching, and (ii) at the same time, SLO-compliant by proactively spawning containers to avoid cold-starts, thus minimizing the overall response latency. Combining these benefits, \emph{Fifer} improves container utilization and cluster-wide energy consumption by 4x and 31%, respectively, without compromising on SLO's, when compared to the state-of-the-art schedulers employed by serverless platforms.

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