论文标题
原子的可变形性---原子和原子核之间的比较研究
On deformability of atoms---comparative study between atoms and atomic nuclei
论文作者
论文摘要
原子核可以自发变形为多个核系统的非球形形状。我们讨论在多种电子系统中发生类似变形的程度。为此，我们采用了几种多体方法，例如不受限制的Hartree-fock方法，后期 - 尾随的方法和密度功能理论，以计算原子中的电子密度分布。我们表明，开放壳原子的电子密度分布仅由于单粒子价轨道而变形，而核心部分保持球形。这与原子核形成鲜明对比，原子核可以集体变形。我们通过估计因变形而定性地讨论原子和核之间这种明显差异的来源。我们发现，互动的性质对于集体变形起着至关重要的作用。
Atomic nuclei can be spontaneously deformed into non-spherical shapes as many-nucleon systems. We discuss to what extent a similar deformation takes place in many-electron systems. To this end, we employ several many-body methods, such as the unrestricted Hartree-Fock method, post-Hartree-Fock methods, and the density functional theory, to compute the electron density distribution in atoms. We show that the electron density distribution of open-shell atoms is deformed due solely to the single-particle valence orbitals, while the core part remains spherical. This is in contrast to atomic nuclei, which can be deformed collectively. We qualitatively discuss the origin for this apparent difference between atoms and nuclei by estimating the energy change due to deformation. We find that nature of the interaction plays an essential role for the collective deformation.
