论文标题
温度是多少？对温度概念的现代前景
What Is the Temperature? Modern Outlook on the Concept of Temperature
论文作者
论文摘要
“温度”概念的含义和演变（这是凝结和气态理论的关键概念）是从不同的角度解决的。事实证明，温度的概念比传统上想象的要重要得多。特别是，可以为“小”颗粒和颗粒构建的系统引入温度。开尔文温度量表可以引入量子和相对论物理学，这是因为量子和相对论Carnot循环的效率与经典的量子相吻合。展示了温度与构型空间指标的关系，描述了由非相互作用粒子构建的系统的行为。 Landauer原理断言系统的温度是定义单个信息均等擦除能量成本的唯一物理价值。讨论了宇宙微波背景在现代宇宙学中的作用。
The meaning and evolution of the notion of "temperature" (which is a key concept for the condensed and gaseous matter theories) are addressed from the different points of view. The concept of temperature turns out to be much more fundamental than it is conventionally thought. In particular, the temperature may be introduced for the systems built of "small" number of particles and particles in rest. The Kelvin temperature scale may be introduced into the quantum and relativistic physics due to the fact, that the efficiency of the quantum and relativistic Carnot cycles coincides with that of the classical one. The relation of the temperature to the metrics of the configurational space describing the behavior of the system built from non-interacting particles is demonstrated. The Landauer principle asserts that the temperature of the system is the only physical value defining the energy cost of isothermal erasing of the single bit of information. The role of the temperature the cosmic microwave background in modern cosmology is discussed.
