论文标题
解释学者职业轨迹中的性别差异
Explaining Gender Differences in Academics' Career Trajectories
论文作者
论文摘要
学术领域表现出大量的性别隔离。迄今为止，大多数试图解释这种持续的全球现象都依赖于特定国家，领域或职业阶段的数据的有限截面。在这里，我们使用了一个从orcid.org上组装的全球纵向数据集来研究一个领域的特征，可以预测离开并加入该领域的学者之间的性别差异。只有两个现场特征始终预测这种差异：（1）田间重视原始知识人才（“光彩”）和（2）领域是否在科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）的程度。女性比男人远离以光辉和茎的田野的态度更大，男人比女人走向这些领域。我们的发现表明，与男性相关的刻板印象与男性相比，与女性相比，与男性相比，在维持整个学术界的性别隔离方面发挥了关键作用。
Academic fields exhibit substantial levels of gender segregation. To date, most attempts to explain this persistent global phenomenon have relied on limited cross-sections of data from specific countries, fields, or career stages. Here we used a global longitudinal dataset assembled from profiles on ORCID.org to investigate which characteristics of a field predict gender differences among the academics who leave and join that field. Only two field characteristics consistently predicted such differences: (1) the extent to which a field values raw intellectual talent ("brilliance") and (2) whether a field is in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Women more than men moved away from brilliance-oriented and STEM fields, and men more than women moved toward these fields. Our findings suggest that stereotypes associating brilliance and other STEM-relevant traits with men more than women play a key role in maintaining gender segregation across academia.
