论文标题
射电望远镜总功率模式:提高观察效率
Radio telescope total power mode: improving observation efficiency
论文作者
论文摘要
目标。可以通过校准和减少总功率模式而不是频率,梁或位置切换模式下的观测值来提高无线电观察效率。方法。我们选择了从放射性占地毫米型(IRAM)30米的望远镜和绿色银行望远镜(GBT)获得的光谱样本,以测试该方法的可行性。鉴于30 m望远镜的GBT和直接局部振荡器注入的现代前端放大器提供平滑的传球带,这些传球宽度是几十兆赫的宽度,因此可以单独清洁标准观测值的光谱(基线拆卸),然后直接在线路上直接添加时,当线条足够狭窄时(几个km/s)表现得出了传统的表演,以表现出色,以表现出色。该技术适用于频率转换的观测值以及分别保存开关数据时的位置和梁切换观测值。结果。当线条足够狭窄并且不多时,该方法最有效,因此可以实现安全的基线去除。在大多数情况下,发现了SQRT(2)系数的信噪比提高,这与理论期望一致。结论。通过保持传统的观察模式,在次优基线行为,天空不稳定性或宽线的情况下,标准还原技术的后备解决方案仍然可以使用,并确认线强度。只要它们记录并分别传递ONS和OFT,这些总降量模式还原技术就可以应用于任何稳定基线的射电望远镜,就像GBT一样。
Aims. Radio observing efficiency can be improved by calibrating and reducing the observations in total power mode rather than in frequency, beam, or position-switching modes. Methods. We selected a sample of spectra obtained from the Institut de Radio-Astronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30-m telescope and the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to test the feasibility of the method. Given that modern front-end amplifiers for the GBT and direct Local Oscillator injection for the 30 m telescope provide smooth pass bands that are a few tens of megahertz in width, the spectra from standard observations can be cleaned (baseline removal) separately and then co-added directly when the lines are narrow enough (a few km/s), instead of performing the traditional ON minus OFF data reduction. This technique works for frequency-switched observations as well as for position- and beam-switched observations when the ON and OFF data are saved separately. Results. The method works best when the lines are narrow enough and not too numerous so that a secure baseline removal can be achieved. A signal-to-noise ratio improvement of a factor of sqrt(2) is found in most cases, consistent with theoretical expectations. Conclusions. By keeping the traditional observing mode, the fallback solution of the standard reduction technique is still available in cases of suboptimal baseline behavior, sky instability, or wide lines, and to confirm the line intensities. These techniques of total-power-mode reduction can be applied to any radio telescope with stable baselines as long as they record and deliver the ONs and OFFs separately, as is the case for the GBT.