论文标题

具有基于位置的手术机器人自主权的可变形软组织的真实至SIM登记

Real-to-Sim Registration of Deformable Soft Tissue with Position-Based Dynamics for Surgical Robot Autonomy

论文作者

Liu, Fei, Li, Zihan, Han, Yunhai, Lu, Jingpei, Richter, Florian, Yip, Michael C.

论文摘要

在非结构化环境中,机器人手术中的自主性非常具有挑战性,尤其是在与可变形软组织相互作用时。主要困难是生成基于模型的控制方法,以说明组织操纵过程中的变形动力学。以前的基于视觉感知的工作可以捕获场景中的几何变化,但是,以前没有研究过与动态属性集成的基于模型的控制器,这是一种更准确,更安全的方法。考虑到机器人和环境之间的机械耦合,开发一个注册的,模拟的动力模型至关重要。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种在线,连续,真实的SIM登记方法,以桥接3D视觉感知,并基于位置的动力学(PBD)建模。 PBD方法用于模拟软组织动力学以及用于基于模型的控制的刚性工具相互作用。同时,一种基于视觉的策略用于基于现实世界的操纵来生成3D重建点云表面,以注册和更新模拟。为了验证这种真实的SIM方法,已经在DA Vinci研究试剂盒上进行了组织实验。我们的真实接触方法成功地减少了在线注册错误,这对于自主控制过程中的安全尤其重要。此外,与基于融合的重建相比,它在阻塞区域的准确性更高。

Autonomy in robotic surgery is very challenging in unstructured environments, especially when interacting with deformable soft tissues. The main difficulty is to generate model-based control methods that account for deformation dynamics during tissue manipulation. Previous works in vision-based perception can capture the geometric changes within the scene, however, model-based controllers integrated with dynamic properties, a more accurate and safe approach, has not been studied before. Considering the mechanic coupling between the robot and the environment, it is crucial to develop a registered, simulated dynamical model. In this work, we propose an online, continuous, real-to-sim registration method to bridge 3D visual perception with position-based dynamics (PBD) modeling of tissues. The PBD method is employed to simulate soft tissue dynamics as well as rigid tool interactions for model-based control. Meanwhile, a vision-based strategy is used to generate 3D reconstructed point cloud surfaces based on real-world manipulation, so as to register and update the simulation. To verify this real-to-sim approach, tissue experiments have been conducted on the da Vinci Research Kit. Our real-to-sim approach successfully reduces registration error online, which is especially important for safety during autonomous control. Moreover, it achieves higher accuracy in occluded areas than fusion-based reconstruction.

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