论文标题
X射线相对比成像：一些基本面的广泛概述
X-ray phase-contrast imaging: a broad overview of some fundamentals
论文作者
论文摘要
我们概述了一些使用完全相互结合的X射线梁和部分相互对比成像的成像的基础知识。我们以X射线成像的一些基本概念开放，包括真空波方程以及复杂标量场的强度和相位的物理含义。引入了投影近似，以及衰减对比和相比的概念。我们还概述了通过厚的样品或光学元素以及菲涅尔缩放定理的多板X射线传播方法。在引入基础知识之后，我们考虑了向前问题的几个方面，即建模相比X射线图像的形成。考虑了与此前进问题相关的几个主题，包括强度的传输方程，任意线性成像系统，换挡不变的线性成像系统，传递功能形式主义，由有限的源大小引起的模糊，部分连接场的空间频率模型以及Fokker-Planck方程用于途径X-ray Imaging Imagant。在考虑了建模X射线相对比图像的形成的这些手段后，我们考虑了相关的相位检索的相关问题的各个方面。这涉及人们如何解码相位对比图像以获取有关样品诱导的衰减和相移的信息。
We outline some basics of imaging using both fully-coherent and partially-coherent X-ray beams, with an emphasis on phase-contrast imaging. We open with some of the basic notions of X-ray imaging, including the vacuum wave equations and the physical meaning of the intensity and phase of complex scalar fields. The projection approximation is introduced, together with the concepts of attenuation contrast and phase contrast. We also outline the multi-slice approach to X-ray propagation through thick samples or optical elements, together with the Fresnel scaling theorem. Having introduced the fundamentals, we then consider several aspects of the forward problem, of modelling the formation of phase-contrast X-ray images. Several topics related to this forward problem are considered, including the transport-of-intensity equation, arbitrary linear imaging systems, shift-invariant linear imaging systems, the transfer-function formalism, blurring induced by finite source size, the space-frequency model for partially-coherent fields, and the Fokker-Planck equation for paraxial X-ray imaging. Having considered these means for modelling the formation of X-ray phase-contrast images, we then consider aspects of the associated inverse problem of phase retrieval. This concerns how one may decode phase-contrast images to gain information regarding the sample-induced attenuation and phase shift.
