论文标题
相同颗粒状态的动态对称性
Dynamical symmetrization of the state of identical particles
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了一个动力学模型，以通过独立来源在超类分离事件中产生的两个相同的粒子对称对称模型。我们采用这样的假设：一对非相互作用颗粒最初可以用张量产物状态来描述，因为它们原理是由于它们的间隔分离而可区分的。当颗粒彼此接近时，粒子碰撞发生了量子跳跃，从而消除了它们的区分性，并将两粒子状态投射到适当的（抗）对称状态。可以使用颗粒的波袋的Wigner函数来估计碰撞时间的概率密度，也可以使用适当适当的临时运算符从完全量子机械考虑来得出。此外，状态对称可以正式视为碰撞时间自发测量的结果。我们表明，对相同颗粒进行的对称测量原则上可以区分产品和对称状态。我们的模型及其结论可以通过实验测试。
We propose a dynamical model for state symmetrization of two identical particles produced in spacelike-separated events by independent sources. We adopt the hypothesis that the pair of non-interacting particles can initially be described by a tensor product state since they are in principle distinguishable due to their spacelike separation. As the particles approach each other, a quantum jump takes place upon particle collision, which erases their distinguishability and projects the two-particle state onto an appropriately (anti)symmetrized state. The probability density of the collision times can be estimated quasi-classically using the Wigner functions of the particles' wavepackets, or derived from fully quantum mechanical considerations using an appropriately adapted time-of-arrival operator. Moreover, the state symmetrization can be formally regarded as a consequence of the spontaneous measurement of the collision time. We show that symmetric measurements performed on identical particles can in principle discriminate between the product and symmetrized states. Our model and its conclusions can be tested experimentally.
