论文标题

经典和量子力学作为平滑随机路径的自然理论的第一原理推导

A First Principles Derivation of Classical and Quantum Mechanics as the Natural Theories for Smooth Stochastic Paths

论文作者

Westra, Willem

论文摘要

当人们忽略随机速度波动时,我们将经典的汉密尔顿 - 雅各比方程从第一原理中作为平滑随机过程的自然描述。 Schrödinger方程被证明是描述平滑随机过程的天然精确方程。特别是,具有二次随机波动的过程是电磁耦合的量子点颗粒。随机推导为量子力学提供了清晰的几何图片,作为本地现实的隐藏变量理论。尽管这听起来很自相矛盾,但我们表明贝尔的当地现实主义公式是不完整的。如果其中包括隐藏变量的平滑随机波动,则保留局部现实主义并获得量子力学。因此,应将量子力学视为“无确定性的,非贝尔当地现实的隐藏变量理论”。由于描述仅仅是一个随机过程,因此创建介观模拟系统应该相对简单,以显示量子力学的所有标志,包括超孔相关性。实际上,从我们的角度来看,通过密度矩阵的线性时间演变可以描述的任何系统既是随机和量子系统,因为我们表明过渡概率密度的存在直接暗示着密度矩阵的存在。随着时间的推移,随机自由度的系统变化平稳,具有标准动力学术语的量子哈密顿量。

We derive the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation from first principles as the natural description for smooth stochastic processes when one neglects stochastic velocity fluctuations. The Schrödinger equation is shown to be the natural exact equation for describing smooth stochastic processes. In particular, processes with up to quadratic stochastic fluctuations are electromagnetically coupled quantum point particles. The stochastic derivation offers a clear geometric picture for Quantum Mechanics as a locally realistic hidden variable theory. While that sounds paradoxical, we show that Bell's formula for local realism is incomplete. If one includes smooth stochastic fluctuations for the hidden variables, local realism is preserved and quantum mechanics is obtained. Quantum mechanics should therefore be viewed as a "nondeterministic, non-Bell locally realistic hidden variable theory". Since the description is simply a stochastic process, it should be relatively straightforward to create mesoscopic analogue systems that show all the hallmarks of Quantum Mechanics, including super-Bell correlations. In fact, any system that can be described by the linear time evolution of a density matrix is both a stochastic and a Quantum system from our point of view, since we show that the existence of a transition probability density directly implies the existence of a density matrix. Systems for which the stochastic degrees of freedom vary smoothly over time have quantum Hamiltonians with standard kinetic terms.

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