论文标题

非晶体固体的振动动力学

Vibrational dynamics of non-crystalline solids

论文作者

Baldi, Giacomo, Fontana, Aldo, Monaco, Giulio

论文摘要

玻色子峰(BP)比在Terahertz频率出现的Debye定律中超出了振动状态。它在所有眼镜中都发现,并标记长波长行为之间的交叉,其中固体可以被视为各向同性连续体,而声波波长开始体验结构的显微镜细节。本章致力于对中子和X射线散射技术检测到的有关无定形固体振动动力学的主要实验观察结果的回顾。本章的第一部分专门用于BP的测量及其演变,这是外部参数(例如温度,压力或密度)的函数。本章的第二部分回顾了动态结构因子的波向量演化,该因子提供了伪声传播模式的证据,直到与BP相当的频率。这种纵向模式具有良好的衰减,遵循瑞利散射法和负面色散,可以部分解释与Debye定律的偏差。在较高的频率下,非弹性光谱呈现出复杂的振动模式,在各种系统中具有两个峰的证据。总而言之,我们将通过比较与相应的多晶的动力学进行比较,强调可以在玻璃振动模式的性质上获得的信息。

The boson peak (BP) is an excess of vibrational states over the Debye law appearing at terahertz frequencies. It is found in all glasses and marks the crossover between the long-wavelength behavior, where the solid can be considered as an isotropic continuum, and the region where the wavelength of the sound wave starts to experience the microscopic details of the structure. This chapter is devoted to a review of the main experimental observations regarding the vibrational dynamics of amorphous solids, as detected by neutron and X-ray scattering techniques. A first part of the chapter is devoted to the measurements of the BP and its evolution as a function of external parameters, such as temperature, pressure, or density. The second part of the chapter reviews the wavevector evolution of the dynamic structure factor, which provides evidence of a pseudo-acoustic propagating mode up to frequencies comparable to those of the BP. This longitudinal mode has a sound attenuation which follows the Rayleigh scattering law and a negative dispersion that can partially explain the deviation from the Debye law. At higher frequencies, the inelastic spectrum presents a complex pattern of vibrations, with evidences of two peaks in various systems. To conclude, we will highlight the information that can be gained on the nature of the glass vibrational modes from a comparison with the dynamics of the corresponding polycrystal.

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