论文标题

通过燃气和失控的碰撞形成核星簇中的超质量黑洞种子

Formation of supermassive black hole seeds in nuclear star clusters via gas accretion and runaway collisions

论文作者

Das, Arpan, Schleicher, Dominik R. G., Leigh, Nathan W. C., Boekholt, Tjarda C. N.

论文摘要

在$ z \ gtrsim 6 $的情况下发现了超过两百个质量的超级黑洞(SMBH)$ \ gtrsim 10^9 \,\ mathrm {m _ {\ odot}} $。形成SMBHS的一种有希望的途径是通过质量$ \ sim 10^{3-5} \,\ Mathrm {m _ {\ odot}} $倒在种子黑色孔中,可以长到几次$ 10^9 \,\ smmbhs $ smot, $ z \ sim 7 $。在本文中,我们探讨了如何使用理想化的N-Body Simpuls使用理想的n-body Simerumations,在高红色金属良好的,金属贫困的核星(NSCS)中,如何通过燃气和金属贫困的核星(NSCS)在高红色金属贫民核星形(NSCS)的高红色金属良好的核星形(NSCS)中,可以通过燃气和失控的恒星碰撞来形成质量$ \ sim 10^{3-5} \,\ Mathrm {M _ {M _ {\ odot}} $。我们探索有力动机的积累场景,例如Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton积聚和Eddington的积聚,以及简化的场景,例如恒定积聚。在存在气体的同时,积聚时间尺度仍然比与最大物体(MMO)碰撞的时间表要短得多。但是,总体而言,集群中任意两颗恒星之间碰撞的时间尺度可能比积聚时间尺度相当或短,因此,碰撞在确定最终SMSS的最终质量方面仍然起着至关重要的作用。我们发现,由于问题的高度混乱性,问题对初始条件和我们假定的增生食谱高度敏感。确定质量生长机制的关键变量是MMO的质量和可用于积聚的气体储量。根据不同的条件,质量的SMS $ \ sim10^{3-5} \,\ Mathrm {M _ {\ odot}} $均可在本工作中考虑的所有三种积分方案中形成。

More than two hundred supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of masses $\gtrsim 10^9\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ have been discovered at $z \gtrsim 6$. One promising pathway for the formation of SMBHs is through the collapse of supermassive stars (SMSs) with masses $\sim 10^{3-5}\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ into seed black holes which could grow upto few times $10^9\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ SMBHs observed at $z\sim 7$. In this paper, we explore how SMSs with masses $\sim 10^{3-5}\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ could be formed via gas accretion and runaway stellar collisions in high-redshift, metal-poor nuclear star clusters (NSCs) using idealised N-body simulations. We explore physically motivated accretion scenarios, e.g. Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion and Eddington accretion, as well as simplified scenarios such as constant accretions. While gas is present, the accretion timescale remains considerably shorter than the timescale for collisions with the most massive object (MMO). However, overall the timescale for collisions between any two stars in the cluster can become comparable or shorter than the accretion timescale, hence collisions still play a crucial role in determining the final mass of the SMSs. We find that the problem is highly sensitive to the initial conditions and our assumed recipe for the accretion, due to the highly chaotic nature of the problem. The key variables that determine the mass growth mechanism are the mass of the MMO and the gas reservoir that is available for the accretion. Depending on different conditions, SMSs of masses $\sim10^{3-5} \,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ can form for all three accretion scenarios considered in this work.

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