论文标题
当人群更聪明的时候,个人学习为什么会忍受?
Why does individual learning endure when crowds are wiser?
论文作者
论文摘要
向他人学习的能力(社会学习)通常被认为是人类成功的原因。但是,如果社会学习确实比个人学习更有效(无论成本较低或更准确),那么它就提出了一个问题,为什么有人会参与个人信息寻求,这是社会学习功效的必要条件。我们提出了一种解决这个悖论的进化模型,它不仅(i)的目标不仅要针对信息质量,而且还要竞争受众和声望,而且(ii)不仅重视准确性,而且还奖励了原创性 - 使它们可以减轻放牧的影响。我们发现,在某些条件下(足够的知情代理和中等知名度的成功率),在像劳动般的平衡的互惠互利之内,社会学习的精度更高,对原始意见的口味都是进化稳定的。当不满足此类条件时,系统通常会趋向于相互有害的平衡。
The ability to learn from others (social learning) is often deemed a cause of human species success. But if social learning is indeed more efficient (whether less costly or more accurate) than individual learning, it raises the question of why would anyone engage in individual information seeking, which is a necessary condition for social learning's efficacy. We propose an evolutionary model solving this paradox, provided agents (i) aim not only at information quality but also vie for audience and prestige, and (ii) do not only value accuracy but also reward originality -- allowing them to alleviate herding effects. We find that under some conditions (large enough success rate of informed agents and intermediate taste for popularity), both social learning's higher accuracy and the taste for original opinions are evolutionary-stable, within a mutually beneficial division of labour-like equilibrium. When such conditions are not met, the system most often converges towards mutually detrimental equilibria.