论文标题
用于硬工业优化问题的合格量子方法。电动汽车智能充电领域的案例研究
Qualifying quantum approaches for hard industrial optimization problems. A case study in the field of smart-charging of electric vehicles
论文作者
论文摘要
为了使量子算法有资格解决工业NP - 硬性问题,将它们与可用的多项式近似算法进行比较,而不仅是与确切的算法(自然要指数)。这是一个巨大的挑战,因为在许多情况下,根据一些高度信任的复杂性理论的猜想而存在于可覆盖近似值的范围。因此,这种资格的一个有趣的设置是将这些问题的特定实例集中在这些问题的特定实例上,而不是最糟糕的情况,并且上述界限的表现可以胜过:量子算法至少在这些情况下的常规近似算法应该执行,最高尺寸为非常大的尺寸。我们提出了一项案例研究,该协议是针对从电动汽车的智能充电领域中提出的两个工业问题的案例研究。量子近似优化算法(QAOA)的量身定制的实现已针对这两个问题开发,并通过模仿Pasqal的Rydberg Atom基于rydberg Atom的量子设备或使用ATOS量子学习机对经典资源进行了数字测试。在这两种情况下,量子算法都表现出比常规近似算法相同的近似值,或者改进它们。这些结果是非常令人鼓舞的结果,尽管对于经典计算资源的研究允许的规模有限。下一步将是在较大的实例,实际设备以及更复杂的版本上确认它们的问题。
In order to qualify quantum algorithms for industrial NP-Hard problems, comparing them to available polynomial approximate classical algorithms and not only to exact ones -- exponential by nature -- , is necessary. This is a great challenge as, in many cases, bounds on the reachable approximation ratios exist according to some highly-trusted conjectures of Complexity Theory. An interesting setup for such qualification is thus to focus on particular instances of these problems known to be "less difficult" than the worst-case ones and for which the above bounds can be outperformed: quantum algorithms should perform at least as well as the conventional approximate ones on these instances, up to very large sizes. We present a case study of such a protocol for two industrial problems drawn from the strongly developing field of smart-charging of electric vehicles. Tailored implementations of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) have been developed for both problems, and tested numerically with classical resources either by emulation of Pasqal's Rydberg atom based quantum device or using Atos Quantum Learning Machine. In both cases, quantum algorithms exhibit the same approximation ratios than conventional approximation algorithms, or improve them. These are very encouraging results, although still for instances of limited size as allowed by studies on classical computing resources. The next step will be to confirm them on larger instances, on actual devices, and for more complex versions of the problems addressed.