论文标题
在两个高质量星形区域发现氨(9,6)masers(9,6)
Discovery of ammonia (9,6) masers in two high-mass star-forming regions
论文作者
论文摘要
分子maser系是高质量恒星形成的路标,在年轻恒星对象的近距离环境中非常紧凑的区域的探测激发和运动学,并为三角视差测量提供了有用的目标。到目前为止,只有少数NH $ _ {3} $(9,6)梅斯已经知道,而且它们的起源仍然很熟悉。在这里,我们的目标是找到新的NH $ _ {3} $(9,6)Masers,以提供更好的观察基础来研究其在高质量恒星形成区域中的作用。我们对Cepheus A和G34.26 $+$ 0.15进行了NH $ _ {3} $(9,6)的观察,其中Effelsberg-100 M望远镜和Karl G. Janksy非常大。我们在CEP A和G34.26 $+$ 0.15中发现了新的NH $ _ {3} $(9,6)Masers,这增加了主持NH $ _ {3} $(9,6)Masers的高质量星形地区的数量从五到五。 Effelsberg的长期监控(20个月)表明,G34.26 $+$ 0.15中(9,6)Maser的强度正在减少,而CEP A MASER保持稳定。与Effelsberg的数据相比,观察时期的时期之间存在线性变化,JVLA数据表明没有缺少通量。这表明NH $ _3 $(9,6)发射来自单个紧凑的发射区域,这些发射区未通过干涉测量来解决。正如JVLA成像所示,CEP A中的NH $ _ {3} $(9,6)发射起源于亚弧形大小的区域,略微位于1.36 \,CM Continuum continuum对象的峰位置的西部,HW2。在G34.26 $+$ 0.15中,观察到了三个NH $ _ {3} $(9,6)Maser斑点:一个靠近彗星超级抗体\ H2区域C的头部,另外两个是从紧凑的区域发出的。需要对JVLA和VLBI观测值进行更高的角度分辨率,以提供更准确的泵送场景位置和约束。
Molecular maser lines are signposts of high-mass star formation, probing excitation and kinematics of very compact regions in the close environment of young stellar objects and providing useful targets for trigonometric parallax measurements. Only a few NH$_{3}$ (9,6) masers were known so far, and their origin is still poorly understood. Here we aim to find new NH$_{3}$ (9,6) masers to provide a better observational basis to study their role in high-mass star-forming regions. We carried out NH$_{3}$ (9,6) observations toward Cepheus A and G34.26$+$0.15 with the Effelsberg-100 m telescope and the Karl G. Janksy Very Large Array. We discovered new NH$_{3}$ (9,6) masers in Cep A and G34.26$+$0.15, which increases the number of high-mass star-forming regions hosting NH$_{3}$ (9,6) masers from five to seven. Long term monitoring (20 months) at Effelsberg shows that the intensity of the (9,6) maser in G34.26$+$0.15 is decreasing, while the Cep A maser remains stable. Compared to the Effelsberg data and assuming linear variations between the epochs of observation, the JVLA data indicate no missing flux. This suggests that the NH$_3$ (9,6) emission arises from single compact emission regions that are not resolved by the interferometric measurements. As JVLA imaging shows, the NH$_{3}$ (9,6) emission in Cep A originates from a sub-arcsecond sized region, slightly to the west of the peak position of the 1.36\,cm continuum object, HW2. In G34.26$+$0.15, three NH$_{3}$ (9,6) maser spots are observed: one is close to the head of the cometary ultracompact \h2 region C and the other two are emitted from a compact region to the west of the hypercompact \h2 region A. The newly found (9,6) masers appear to be related to outflows. Higher angular resolution of JVLA and VLBI observations are needed to provide more accurate positions and constraints for pumping scenarios.