论文标题
红色超级巨人的情节气态流出和质量损失
Episodic Gaseous Outflows and Mass Loss from Red Supergiants
论文作者
论文摘要
红色的超级VY CMA和更典型的红色超级贝特尔盖塞（Betelgeuse）在其光学和红外成像，光谱和光曲线中为离散，定向气体流出提供了明确的观察证据。在非常发光的VY CMA中，红外明亮结和团块的质量损失估计，不仅主导其测得的总体质量损失，还可以解释它。在较低的光度槟榔中，其偶性凝结的类似质量估计表明，它们对其测得的质量损失率有显着贡献。我们为这两颗恒星提供了新的测量，并讨论了其他红色超级巨星中气体弹出的其他证据。气态流出是最发光的RSG的主要质量损失机制，也是替代红色超级巨人等典型的红色超级巨人的重要贡献者。我们得出的结论是，与磁场和表面活性相关的气态流出与冠状质量弹出相当，是红色超级巨人的质量损失的主要原因，以及讨论其质量损失机理的质量损失。
The red hypergiant VY CMa and the more typical red supergiant Betelgeuse provide clear observational evidence for discrete, directed gaseous outflows in their optical and infrared imaging, spectra, and light curves. In the very luminous VY CMa, mass loss estimates from the infrared bright knots and clumps, not only dominate its measured overall mass loss, but explain it. In the lower luminosity Betelgeuse, similar mass estimates of its circumstellar condensations show that they contribute significantly to its measured mass loss rate. We present new measurements for both stars and discuss additional evidence for gaseous ejections in other red supergiants. Gaseous outflows are the dominant mass loss mechanism for the most luminous RSGs and an important contributor to the more typical red supergiants like Betelgeuse. We conclude that gaseous outflows, related to magnetic fields and surface activity, comparable to coronal mass ejections, are a major contributor to mass loss from red supergiants and the missing component in discussions of their mass loss mechanism.
