论文标题
下一代X射线CCD的快速和低噪声读数的开发和表征
Development and characterization of a fast and low noise readout for the next generation X-ray CCDs
论文作者
论文摘要
广泛的能量响应,低电子读取噪声和良好的能量分辨率使X射线电荷耦合设备(CCD)成为了过去半个世纪开发软X射线天文仪器的明显选择。它们还采用大型像素尺寸的大型阵列格式,使它们成为下一代天文X射线任务的潜在候选人。但是,与现有的观测值相比,下一代X射线伸缩实验提出了明显更大的收集区域,以探索低光度和高红移X射线宇宙,这要求这些探测器的读数更快。在这种情况下,斯坦福大学(SU)与马萨诸塞州理工学院(MIT)合作开发了用于X射线CCD的快速读取电子产品。在SU,我们设计并开发了一个快速,低噪声读数模块,目的是达到5 mpixel/s的读数速度。我们成功地运行了4 mpixels/s的512 $ 512像素的原型CCD矩阵。在本文中,我们描述了读数电子设备的细节,并以这些读取速度的读数噪声和能量分辨率报告了探测器的性能。将来,我们计划继续提高读取模块的性能,并最终收敛到专用的基于ASIC的读数系统,以使并行读取大型数组多节点CCD设备。
The broad energy response, low electronic read noise, and good energy resolution have made X-ray Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) an obvious choice for developing soft X-ray astronomical instruments over the last half century. They also come in large array formats with small pixel sizes which make them a potential candidate for the next generation astronomical X-ray missions. However, the next generation X-ray telescopic experiments propose for significantly larger collecting area compared to the existing observatories in order to explore the low luminosity and high redshift X-ray universe which requires these detectors to have an order of magnitude faster readout. In this context, the Stanford University (SU) in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has initiated the development of fast readout electronics for X-ray CCDs. At SU, we have designed and developed a fast and low noise readout module with the goal of achieving a readout speed of 5 Mpixel/s. We successfully ran a prototype CCD matrix of 512 $\times$ 512 pixels at 4 Mpixels/s. In this paper, we describe the details of the readout electronics and report the performance of the detectors at these readout speeds in terms of read noise and energy resolution. In the future, we plan to continue to improve performance of the readout module and eventually converge to a dedicated ASIC based readout system to enable parallel read out of large array multi-node CCD devices.