论文标题
建模德国专利和发明家的大型且动态增长的双方网络
Modelling the large and dynamically growing bipartite network of German patents and inventors
论文作者
论文摘要
我们分析了在德国电气工程主要区域内注册的发明家和专利的双方动态网络,以探索创新背后的驱动力。手头的数据导致了双方网络,如果发明家是各自专利的共同所有人,则存在发明家和专利之间的优势。由于在观测期内,与许多发明者一样,与许多发明者相似地提交了超过十万的专利,因此这相当于巨大的两部分网络,太大了,无法整体分析。因此,我们通过利用网络的基本特征来分解双方网络:大多数发明者倾向于仅在相对较短的时间内保持活跃,而新的发明者在每个时间点都变得活跃。因此,邻接矩阵带有几个结构零。为了适应这些这些,我们提出了时间指数随机图模型(TEGM)的两分变体,在该模型中,我们让演员设置会随着时间而变化,从而区分已经提交专利的发明者和未提交的发明人,并说明了发明家的成对统计数据。我们的结果证实了发明家特征和知识流在发明动力学中起着至关重要的作用的假设。
We analyse the bipartite dynamic network of inventors and patents registered within the main area of electrical engineering in Germany to explore the driving forces behind innovation. The data at hand leads to a bipartite network, where an edge between an inventor and a patent is present if the inventor is a co-owner of the respective patent. Since more than a hundred thousand patents were filed by similarly as many inventors during the observational period, this amounts to a massive bipartite network, too large to be analysed as a whole. Therefore, we decompose the bipartite network by utilising an essential characteristic of the network: most inventors tend to stay active only for a relatively short period, while new ones become active at each point in time. Consequently, the adjacency matrix carries several structural zeros. To accommodate for these, we propose a bipartite variant of the Temporal Exponential Random Graph Model (TERGM) in which we let the actor set vary over time, differentiate between inventors that already submitted patents and those that did not, and account for pairwise statistics of inventors. Our results corroborate the hypotheses that inventor characteristics and knowledge flows play a crucial role in the dynamics of invention.