论文标题
社会微生物组：介导社会态度联系的缺失机制？
The social microbiome: the missing mechanism mediating the sociality-fitness nexus?
论文作者
论文摘要
在许多社会哺乳动物中，早期生活社会逆境和社会融合在很大程度上可以预测个人健康，寿命和生殖成功。迄今为止，介导社会环境与个人健康之间的关系的生理机制的努力集中在社会引起的压力上，这是由神经内分泌信号传导和免疫功能的改变所介导的。在这里，我们提出了一种依靠微生物介导的影响的急需的替代机制：在早期和成年期，与同种特定的社会关系可能会对有益的微生物的传播以及多样化的宿主微生物组有很大贡献。反过来，更有价值和多样化的微生物组将促进病原体的抵抗力和最佳健康，从而转化为正健身结果。这种机制依赖于经验研究的两个新出现的发现，即微生物（i）在很大程度上通过垂直和水平途径在社会上传播，并且（ii）在宿主发育，生理学，代谢，代谢和对病原体的易感性中起普遍的作用。我们建议，微生物组的社会传播具有与慢性社会压力相似的，甚至更高的程度，以尚未在社会哺乳动物中进行经验研究的方式来解释社会性关系。
In many social mammals, early life social adversity and social integration largely predict individual health, lifespan and reproductive success. Efforts in identifying the physiological mechanisms mediating the relationship between the social environment and individual fitness have so far concentrated on socially-induced stress, mediated by alterations in neuroendocrine signaling and immune function. Here, we propose a much-needed alternative mechanism relying on microbially-mediated effects: social relationships with conspecifics, both in early life and adulthood, might strongly contribute both to the transmission of beneficial microbes and to diversifying host microbiomes. In turn, more valuable and diverse microbiomes would promote pathogen resistance and optimal health and thus translate into positive fitness outcomes. This mechanism relies on two emerging findings from empirical studies, namely that microbiomes (i) are largely socially transmitted via vertical and horizontal routes, and (ii) play a pervasive role in host development, physiology, metabolism, and susceptibility to pathogens. We suggest that the social transmission of microbiomes has the potential to explain the sociality-fitness nexus, to a similar - or even higher - extent than chronic social stress, in ways that have yet to be studied empirically in social mammals.
