论文标题
非依赖性准平行冲击中电子，质子和氦气加速度的动力学模拟
Kinetic Simulation on Electron, Proton and Helium Acceleration in a Nonrelativistic Quasiparallel shock
论文作者
论文摘要
除了电子和质子外，非层次性准平行冲击有望具有加速重离子的能力。超新星残留物中的冲击通常被认为是银河宇宙射线的加速器，由许多颗粒组成。我们通过1D粒子中的仿真（PIC）仿真，研究了非同性化准平行性冲击中电子，质子和氦离子的扩散冲击加速度（DSA），其氦与质子数密度比率为0.1美元，这与Galactic Cosmic Rays相关。该模拟表明，可以通过非遗传质子和氦气离子的流动的流动而激发，而非遗传的准级别休克上游，声音马赫数为14，而在冲击休息框架中的alfvén马赫数为19.5，而带电的颗粒在自我生成的波浪和加速度的逐渐散布。此外，冲击下游的带电颗粒的光谱是热和非热的尾巴，加速度非常有效，约7 \％$ $和$ 5.4 \％\％\％\％\％\％\％$ $ \％$ $ \％$ $ \％\％$ \％$ $ \％$ $ \％$ $ \％\％$ $，分别传递到非热的质子和氦离子中，分别在模拟的最终下游区域。
In addition to electrons and protons, nonrelativistic quasiparallel shocks are expected to possess the ability to accelerate heavy ions. The shocks in supernova remnants are generally supposed to be accelerators of the Galactic cosmic rays, which consist of many species of particles. We investigate diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of electrons, protons and helium ions in a nonrelativistic quasiparallel shock through 1D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation with a helium-to-proton number density ratio of $0.1$, which is relevant for the Galactic cosmic rays. The simulation indicates that waves can be excited by the flow of the energetic protons and helium ions upstream of the nonrelativistic quasiparallel shock with a sonic Mach number of 14 and an alfvén Mach number of 19.5 in the shock rest frame, and the charged particles are scattered by the self-generated waves and accelerated gradually. Moreover, the spectra of the charged particles downstream of the shock are thermal plus a nonthermal tail, and the acceleration is efficient with about $7\%$ and $5.4\%$ of the bulk kinetic energy transferred into the nonthermal protons and helium ions in the near downstream region at the end of the simulation, respectively.
