论文标题
收入不平等会影响公平的看法吗？拉丁美洲的证据
Are Fairness Perceptions Shaped by Income Inequality? Evidence from Latin America
论文作者
论文摘要
文献中的一个普遍假设是，收入不平等的水平塑造了个人对收入分配是否公平的信念（简称``公平意见''）。但是，个人不会直接观察到收入不平等（通常会导致误解很大），也不认为所有不平等现象是不公平的。在本文中，我们从经验上评估收入不平等的客观度量与公平性观点之间的联系，但在收入不平等的情况下，我们的收入不平等和公平性观点之间的联系。从1997 - 2015年开始，我们将民意调查数据与来自18个拉丁美洲国家的家庭调查的统一数据相结合。我们报告三个主要发现。首先，我们发现收入不平等和随着时间的流逝之间的收入不平等与不公平观点之间存在牢固且统计学上的显着关系。在我们样本中的18个国家中，有17个国家的收入不平等与收入不平等相同的方向发展。其次，年龄较大，失业和左翼的个人平均更有可能将收入分配视为非常不公平的人。第三，公平的观点和收入不平等具有对个人自我报告的动员和抗议相互独立的倾向的预测能力，这表明这两个变量捕获了不同的渠道，通过这些变量，收入分配的变化会影响社会动荡。
A common assumption in the literature is that the level of income inequality shapes individuals' beliefs about whether the income distribution is fair (``fairness views,'' for short). However, individuals do not directly observe income inequality (which often leads to large misperceptions), nor do they consider all inequities to be unfair. In this paper, we empirically assess the link between objective measures of income inequality and fairness views in a context of high but decreasing income inequality. We combine opinion poll data with harmonized data from household surveys of 18 Latin American countries from 1997--2015. We report three main findings. First, we find a strong and statistically significant relationship between income inequality and unfairness views across countries and over time. Unfairness views evolved in the same direction as income inequality for 17 out of the 18 countries in our sample. Second, individuals who are older, unemployed, and left-wing are, on average, more likely to perceive the income distribution as very unfair. Third, fairness views and income inequality have predictive power for individuals' self-reported propensity to mobilize and protest independent of each other, suggesting that these two variables capture different channels through which changes in the income distribution can affect social unrest.
