论文标题
关于木星的形成,进化和内饰的启示:朱诺结果的挑战
Revelations on Jupiter's Formation, Evolution and Interior: Challenges from Juno Results
论文作者
论文摘要
朱诺的使命彻底改变了我们对木星的理解。随着朱诺(Juno)转移到其扩展任务时,我们回顾了木星内部结构的主要发现,与理解木星的形成和进化有关。朱诺对木星室内结构的研究的结果表明,地球具有组成梯度,因此具有复杂的内部结构,因此是非绝热的。这些新结果表明,木星的形成和进化的当前模型需要修订。在本文中,我们讨论了可能导致与Juno数据及其提供的约束的内部结构模型的潜在形成和进化路径。我们注意到,标准的核心积聚形成模型,包括行星生长过程中的重元素富集,与内部不均匀的内部与其深内部的组成梯度一致。但是,这种形成模型通常预测,可以将该区域解释为原始稀释核心,仅限于木星总质量的10%。相反,适合Juno数据的结构模型表明该区域包含质量或更多质量的30%。解释该扩展区域的起源的一种方法是调用一个相对较长的(大约2个MYRS)地层,在该阶段中,生长的行星会积聚气体和行星,从而延迟了失控的气体积聚。另外,木星的模糊核心可能是形成后巨大的影响或对流的结果。这些新颖的场景需要某种特殊和特定的条件。对这种条件的合理性的清晰度可能来自对其他恒星周围行星形成区域的未来高分辨率观察,这些恒星周围有巨大行星的观察到的和建模的架构,以及在扩展任务中获得的未来JUNO数据。
The Juno mission has revolutionized and challenged our understanding of Jupiter. As Juno transitioned to its extended mission, we review the major findings of Jupiter's internal structure relevant to understanding Jupiter's formation and evolution. Results from Juno's investigation of Jupiter's interior structure imply that the planet has compositional gradients and is accordingly non-adiabatic, with a complex internal structure. These new results imply that current models of Jupiter's formation and evolution require a revision. In this paper, we discuss potential formation and evolution paths that can lead to an internal structure model consistent with Juno data, and the constraints they provide. We note that standard core accretion formation models, including the heavy-element enrichment during planetary growth is consistent with an interior that is inhomogeneous with composition gradients in its deep interior. However, such formation models typically predict that this region, which could be interpreted as a primordial dilute core, is confined to about 10% of Jupiter's total mass. In contrast, structure models that fit Juno data imply that this region contains 30% of the mass or more. One way to explain the origin of this extended region is by invoking a relatively long (about 2 Myrs) formation phase where the growing planet accretes gas and planetesimals delaying the runaway gas accretion. Alternatively, Jupiter's fuzzy core could be a result of a giant impact or convection post-formation. These novel scenarios require somewhat special and specific conditions. Clarity on the plausibility of such conditions could come from future high-resolution observations of planet-forming regions around other stars, from the observed and modeled architectures of extrasolar systems with giant planets, and future Juno data obtained during its extended mission.