论文标题
优化VLEO卫星几何形状,用于阻力最小化和寿命扩展
Optimisation of VLEO Satellite Geometries for Drag Minimisation and Lifetime Extension
论文作者
论文摘要
非常低的地球轨道(VLEO)地区的利用提供了特定于应用,技术,运营和成本收益。但是,实现持续且经济上可行的VLEO飞行是具有挑战性的,这主要是由于残留气氛引起的巨大,几乎是可预测的,几乎是可预测的,动态变化的,这会导致任何航天器的轨道迅速恶化,除非由活跃和被动的技术组合缓解。本文通过优化卫星形状来解决一种被动方法,以最小化大气阻力力,从而扩大操作寿命。与以前在该领域进行的调查相反,保持恒定的内部体积,以说明卫星仪器的放置和有效载荷在结构内。此外,卫星几何形状不是启发性的变化,而是通过为此目的而专门开发的数值2D配置文件优化。从最佳的最佳卫星剖面中,得出了3D卫星体,然后通过开源粒子代码PICLAS中的直接仿真蒙特卡洛方法对其进行验证。另外,提出和评估了基于完全镜面粒子反射的假设,即不合常规的设计,即环形几何形状。优化的卫星几何形状可提供高达46美元$ \%$的纯无源寿命扩展,而与参考主体相比,上述环形几何形状可实现超过3000美元的无源终身扩展。最后,本文为VLEO卫星提供了设计建议,以依赖不同的表面特性。
The utilisation of the Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) region offers significant application specific, technological, operational, and cost benefits. However, attaining sustained and economically viable VLEO flight is challenging, primarily due to the significant, barely predictable and dynamically changing drag caused by the residual atmosphere, which leads to a rapid deterioration of any spacecraft's orbit unless mitigated by a combination of active and passive techniques. This article addresses one passive method by optimising satellite shapes in order to achieve a minimisation of the atmospheric drag force and thus extension of operational lifetime. Contrary to previous investigations in the field, a constant internal volume is maintained to account for the placement of satellite instruments and payload inside the structure. Moreover, the satellite geometry is not varied heuristically but optimised via a numerical 2D profile optimisation specifically developed for this purpose. From the resulting optimal satellite profiles, 3D satellite bodies are derived, which are then verified via the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method within the open-source particle code PICLas. In addition, rather unconventional designs, i.e. ring geometries, which are based on the assumption of fully specular particle reflections, are proposed and assessed. The optimised satellite geometries offer pure passive lifetime extensions of up to 46 $\%$ compared to a GOCE like reference body, while the above-mentioned ring geometries achieve passive lifetime extensions of more than 3000 $\%$. Finally, the article presents design recommendations for VLEO satellites in dependence of different surface properties.