论文标题
建设性的量子后减少
Constructive Post-Quantum Reductions
论文作者
论文摘要
是否可以将经典的加密减少转换为量词后的密码?习惯上说,尽管这在交互式环境中是有问题的,但非交互减少的确会延续。但是,在考虑量子辅助输入时,这种转换会导致非构造性后量化后减少,这需要复制量子辅助输入,这通常是效率低下甚至不可能的。这违反了可证明的密码学的双赢前提:对密码原始的攻击应该带来算法优势。 我们启动了建设性量子减少的研究,并提出了积极和负面的结果,以以建设性的方式将大量的经典减少转换为量子后环境。我们表明,从多项式解决方案空间(例如决策假设)中,可以在量词后建设性的任何非相互作用的非自适应减少。相反,通常无法转换具有超多项式解空间(例如一般搜索假设)的假设(例如一般搜索假设)。 一路上,我们做出了其他几项贡献: 1。我们提出了一个与状态求解器减少(或一般交互)的框架,以解决计算问题,这可能会在连续调用之间改变其内部状态。我们表明仍然可以使用此类求解器。即使在经典环境中,这个框架和我们的结果也是有意义的。 2。我们负面结果的结果是,在超级多项式解决方案空间中对问题有用的量子辅助输入不能通常````恢复''''后进行测量。这表明Chiesa等人的新型倒带技术。 (focs 2021)从某种意义上说,它不能超出多项式测量空间。
Is it possible to convert classical cryptographic reductions into post-quantum ones? It is customary to argue that while this is problematic in the interactive setting, non-interactive reductions do carry over. However, when considering quantum auxiliary input, this conversion results in a non-constructive post-quantum reduction that requires duplicating the quantum auxiliary input, which is in general inefficient or even impossible. This violates the win-win premise of provable cryptography: an attack against a cryptographic primitive should lead to an algorithmic advantage. We initiate the study of constructive quantum reductions and present positive and negative results for converting large classes of classical reductions to the post-quantum setting in a constructive manner. We show that any non-interactive non-adaptive reduction from assumptions with a polynomial solution space (such as decision assumptions) can be made post-quantum constructive. In contrast, assumptions with super-polynomial solution space (such as general search assumptions) cannot be generally converted. Along the way, we make several additional contributions: 1. We put forth a framework for reductions (or general interaction) with stateful solvers for a computational problem, that may change their internal state between consecutive calls. We show that such solvers can still be utilized. This framework and our results are meaningful even in the classical setting. 2. A consequence of our negative result is that quantum auxiliary input that is useful against a problem with a super-polynomial solution space cannot be generically ``restored'' post-measurement. This shows that the novel rewinding technique of Chiesa et al. (FOCS 2021) is tight in the sense that it cannot be extended beyond a polynomial measurement space.