论文标题

冠状和耀斑循环的流体力学建模中的几何假设

Geometric Assumptions in Hydrodynamic Modeling of Coronal and Flaring Loops

论文作者

Reep, Jeffrey W., Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio, Warren, Harry P., Barnes, Will T.

论文摘要

在冠状环模型中,通常假定环为半圆形,横截面均匀。然而,观察到的环很少是半圆形的,磁场的外推表明,磁场强度随着高度的降低,这意味着横截面区域随着高度而膨胀。我们直接检查了这两个假设,以了解它们如何影响短而热环对强,冲动的电子束加热事件的流体动力和辐射反应。面积扩展的幅度和速率直接影响动力学,并且横截面的扩展会显着延长循环冷却和排水的时间,增加上流持续时间并抑制声波。用于辐射冷却的标准$ t \ sim n^{2} $关系不足以扩展循环,而循环冷却相对较少。另一方面,环路偏心率的提高只会增加排水的时间尺度,并且通常是较小的效果。光谱线强度也受到横截面区域变化的强烈影响,因为它们依赖于发射区域的体积以及密度和电离状态。随着较大的膨胀,密度降低,因此所有高度的线的强度相对降低,并且由于冷却时间的增加,最热的线保持明显更长的时间。面积扩展对于准确的流体动力学和辐射建模至关重要,并且需要观察以限制扩展或缺乏膨胀的幅度,速率和位置。

In coronal loop modeling, it is commonly assumed that the loops are semi-circular with a uniform cross-sectional area. However, observed loops are rarely semi-circular, and extrapolations of the magnetic field show that the field strength decreases with height, implying that the cross-sectional area expands with height. We examine these two assumptions directly to understand how they affect the hydrodynamic and radiative response of short, hot loops to strong, impulsive electron beam heating events. Both the magnitude and rate of area expansion impact the dynamics directly, and an expanding cross-section significantly lengthens the time for a loop to cool and drain, increases upflow durations, and suppresses sound waves. The standard $T \sim n^{2}$ relation for radiative cooling does not hold with expanding loops, which cool with relatively little draining. An increase in the eccentricity of loops, on the other hand, only increases the draining timescale, and is a minor effect in general. Spectral line intensities are also strongly impacted by the variation in the cross-sectional area since they depend on both the volume of the emitting region as well as the density and ionization state. With a larger expansion, the density is reduced, so the lines at all heights are relatively reduced in intensity and, because of the increase of cooling times, the hottest lines remain bright for significantly longer. Area expansion is critical to accurate modeling of the hydrodynamics and radiation, and observations are needed to constrain the magnitude, rate, and location of the expansion or lack thereof.

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