论文标题
检测恒星差异旋转和中心对流变化的最佳参数空间
Optimal parameter space for detecting stellar differential rotation and centre-to-limb convective variations
论文作者
论文摘要
本文的目的是研究使用重新加载的Rossiter-McLaughlin技术检测微分旋转(DR)和中心对流对流变化的最佳参数空间。我们模拟了一个具有和没有对流效果的星形行动系统,以绘制用于检索注入差旋转的参数空间的最佳区域。我们的模拟探索了投影倾斜的所有可能范围(旋转轨道角),出色的倾斜度和冲击参数,以及仪器配置,恒星幅度和暴露时间的差异。我们发现,在低影响参数上更容易检索DR,这对应于系统配置,其中过境行星越过最大数量的恒星纬度。检测的主要热点(即Dr可检测性高)为$ 120^{\ rm {o}} <|λ| <180^{\ rm {o}} $ for $ i _**<90^<90^{\ rm {\ rm {o}}} $ and { $ i _*> 90^{\ rm {o}} $平均而言,它们倾向于随着影响参数的增加而收缩。此外,与亮度的关键影响相反,我们确定暴露时间对检测DR的难度忽略不计,因为在较长的暴露时间下的信噪比(S/N)的增加被降解的采样率抵消。我们确定类似浓缩咖啡的器乐配置和灵敏度的设置可能会检索DR的DR = 12 $,而harps的$ V = 10 $。关于肢体依赖的对流效应以及可能与DR的混乱,我们没有明确的结论。但是,初步结果表明,在某些情况下,虽然似乎可以误认为一种效果,但拟合的准确性(尤其是$α$)并不能在额外的审查下进行。
The goal of this paper is to investigate the optimal parameters space for using the reloaded Rossiter-McLaughlin technique to detect differential rotation (DR) and centre-to-limb convective variations. We simulated a star-planet system with and without convective effects to map the optimal regions of the parameter space for retrieving the injected differential rotation. Our simulations explored all possible ranges of projected obliquity (spin-orbit angle), stellar inclination, and impact parameter, as well as differences in instrumental configuration, stellar magnitude, and exposure time. We find that DR is more easily retrieved at low-impact parameters, corresponding to system configurations in which the transiting planet crosses the largest number of stellar latitudes. The main hot-spots for detection (i.e. areas in which DR detectability is high) are $120^{\rm{o}}<|λ|<180^{\rm{o}}$ for $i_*<90^{\rm{o}}$ and $|λ|<60^{\rm{o}}$ for $i_*>90^{\rm{o}}$ on average, and they tend to shrink as the impact parameter increases. Additionally, in contrast to the crucial impact of brightness, we identify that exposure time has a negligible impact on the difficulty of detecting DR as the increase in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) at longer exposure times is counteracted by the degraded sampling rate. We determine that an ESPRESSO-like setup of instrumental configuration and sensitivity might retrieve DR up to $V = 12$, compared to $V = 10$ for HARPS. We reach no clear conclusion about limb-dependent convective effects and the possible confusion with DR; preliminary results suggest, however, that under certain circumstances, while it seems that one effect could be mistaken for the other, the accuracy of the fit (in particular of $α$) does not hold up under additional scrutiny.