论文标题
共同-19疫苗对预防行为的影响：日本的证据
Effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on preventive behaviors: Evidence from Japan
论文作者
论文摘要
针对2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的疫苗接种是减少感染该疾病的可能性的关键措施。因此，这可能会大大改变个人在日常生活中的看法和决策。例如，可以预测，通过广泛的疫苗接种，个人将表现出较少的僵化的预防行为，例如呆在家里，经常洗手和戴口罩。从2020年3月（1921年，共同阶段的早期阶段）到2021年9月，我们每月观察到相同的人，持续18个月，以独立构建大型样本面板数据（n = 54,007）。使用数据，我们比较了个人在接种疫苗之前和之后的预防行为。此外，我们将他们的行为与未接种疫苗接种的人进行比较。此外，我们将疫苗接种对少于或等于40岁的个体的影响与大于40岁的人的影响。使用固定效应模型控制个体特征后确定的主要发现和各种因素如下。首先，与预测相反，根据整个样本，观察到接种疫苗的人留在家里，没有改变他们经常洗手并戴口罩的习惯。其次，使用年龄等于或以下40岁的个体的子样本，我们发现接种疫苗的人更有可能出去。第三，使用包含40岁以上人员的样本获得的结果与使用整个样品获得的结果相似。在这一大流行期间，预防行为正在影响自己，并对他人产生外部性。即使在没有执行此类行为的社会中接种疫苗后，非正式的社会规范即使在接种疫苗后也会激发人们增加或维持预防行为。
Vaccination against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a key measure to reduce the probability of getting infected with the disease. Accordingly, this might significantly change an individuals perception and decision-making in daily life. For instance, it is predicted that with widespread vaccination, individuals will exhibit less rigid preventive behaviors, such as staying at home, frequently washing hands, and wearing a mask. We observed the same individuals on a monthly basis for 18 months, from March 2020 (the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic) to September 2021, in Japan to independently construct large sample panel data (N=54,007). Using the data, we compare the individuals preventive behaviors before and after they got vaccinated; additionally, we compare their behaviors with those individuals who did not get vaccinated. Furthermore, we compare the effect of vaccination on the individuals less than or equal to 40 years of age with those greater than 40 years old. The major findings determined after controlling for individual characteristics using the fixed effects model and various factors are as follows. First, as opposed to the prediction, based on the whole sample, the vaccinated people were observed to stay at home and did not change their habits of frequently washing hands and wearing a mask. Second, using the sub-sample of individuals aged equal to or below 40, we find that the vaccinated people are more likely to go out. Third, the results obtained using a sample comprising people aged over 40 are similar to those obtained using the whole sample. Preventive behaviors are affecting oneself and generating externalities on others during this pandemic. Informal social norms motivate people to increase or maintain preventive behaviors even after being vaccinated in societies where such behaviors are not enforced.
