论文标题
SN 2009ip十年后:发光的蓝色可变祖先现在已经消失了
SN 2009ip after a decade: The luminous blue variable progenitor is now gone
论文作者
论文摘要
我们为IIN型超新星(SN)2009IP的位点提出了新的HST成像光度法,在爆炸后将近十年。自2012年的SN样事件以来,光源一直在稳步褪色。在F606W滤波器中,该滤波器也用于检测其发光蓝色变量(LBV)祖细胞13〜年,SN,SN2009IP位置的源目前为1.2mag Fainter,比静态前代的祖先。它比2009---2011前的SN爆发率为6-7兆。这绝对排除了一个预测,即在2012年活动中幸存下来后,来源将返回其以前的状态。取而代之的是,后期褪色与终端爆炸的期望相匹配。源在所有视觉波长过滤器中都以相似的速度逐渐消失,而没有明显的颜色变化,因此还排除了发光的尘埃刺激的幸存者的假设或过渡到更热的LBV后幸存者。然而,完全期望在狭窄的F657N滤波器中检测到具有稳定颜色和强h $α$发射的后期连续体,这是完全期望在十年历史的核心 - 循环崩溃的sn中与偶尔材料的持续冲击相互作用。有趣的是,自2015年以来,紫外线的通量几乎一直保持不变,这支持了先前的猜想,即F275W光线痕迹痕迹痕迹在下面的年轻恒星群中。我们预计视觉波长连续体最终将升级,从而追踪该集群光。没有任何额外的爆发,将2012年的事件视为最终SN爆炸似乎是谨慎的,我们讨论了合理的情况。
We present new HST imaging photometry for the site of the Type IIn supernova (SN) 2009ip taken almost a decade after explosion. The optical source has continued to fade steadily since the SN-like event in 2012. In the F606W filter, which was also used to detect its luminous blue variable (LBV) progenitor 13~yr before the SN, the source at the position of SN2009ip is now 1.2mag fainter than that quiescent progenitor. It is 6-7mag fainter than the pre-SN outbursts in 2009--2011. This definitively rules out a prediction that the source would return to its previous state after surviving the 2012 event. Instead, the late-time fading matches expectations for a terminal explosion. The source fades at a similar rate in all visual-wavelength filters without significant color changes, therefore also ruling out the hypothesis of a luminous dust-obscured survivor or transition to a hotter post-LBV survivor. The late-time continuum with steady color and strong H$α$ emission detected in a narrow F657N filter are, however, entirely expected for ongoing shock interaction with circumstellar material in a decade-old core-collapse SN. Interestingly, the ultraviolet flux has stayed nearly constant since 2015, supporting previous conjectures that the F275W light traces main-sequence OB stars in an underlying young star cluster. We expect that the visual-wavelength continuum will eventually level off, tracing this cluster light. Without any additional outbursts, it seems prudent to consider the 2012 event as a terminal SN explosion, and we discuss plausible scenarios.