论文标题
超越巴克（Barker）：出生时的婴儿死亡率和老龄年龄的缺血性心脏病
Beyond Barker: Infant Mortality at Birth and Ischaemic Heart Disease in Older Age
论文作者
论文摘要
早期生活中的不良状况可能会对年龄较大的人的健康产生影响。在有关该主题的第一批论文之一中，Barker和Osmond 1986在1920年代的婴儿死亡率与1970年代的缺血性心脏病之间存在牢固的正相关关系。我们首先证明这种关系对纳入当地地理区域的固定效果，而不是家庭固定效应，首先是“超越巴克”。其次，我们探讨了平均影响是否隐藏了潜在的异质性：我们检查婴儿死亡率效应抵消还是增强了对心脏病的遗传易感性。我们发现相当大的异质性对区域内以及家庭内分析具有鲁棒性。我们的发现表明，一个人的早期生活环境的影响主要影响患有心脏病遗传风险最高的人。换句话说，在婴儿死亡率最低的地区，一个人的遗传易感性的影响有效地消失了。这些发现表明，有利的环境可以缓解人们患心脏病的遗传风险。
Adverse conditions in early life can have consequential impacts on individuals' health in older age. In one of the first papers on this topic, Barker and Osmond 1986 show a strong positive relationship between infant mortality rates in the 1920s and ischaemic heart disease in the 1970s. We go 'beyond Barker', first by showing that this relationship is robust to the inclusion of local geographic area fixed effects, but not family fixed effects. Second, we explore whether the average effects conceal underlying heterogeneity: we examine if the infant mortality effect offsets or reinforces one's genetic predisposition for heart disease. We find considerable heterogeneity that is robust to within-area as well as within-family analyses. Our findings show that the effects of one's early life environments mainly affect individuals with the highest genetic risk for developing heart disease. Put differently, in areas with the lowest infant mortality rates, the effect of one's genetic predisposition effectively vanishes. These findings suggest that advantageous environments can cushion one's genetic risk of developing heart disease.
