论文标题
onsager区域中系统的热力学通量闭合关系
Thermodynamic Flux-Force Closure Relations for Systems out of the Onsager Region
论文作者
论文摘要
这项工作的目的是确定Onsager区域外的系统的非线性通量关系,该系统尊重远离平衡的系统的现有热力学定理。为此,已经开发了一种不可逆过程的热力学理论[被称为热力学场理论(TFT)]。 TFT基于热力学系统之间的等效性概念:“当只有在热力学转化下,熵产生和Glansdorff-prigogine耗散量保持在热力学转换下,才能确保热力学系统的两个替代描述的等效特征。 TCT自然导致“热力协方差原理”(TCP)指出,“非线性闭合方程,即通量 - 强度关系,必须在TCT下进行协变”。在这项工作中,我们提供了符合适当边界条件的非线性PDE的显式表达,当不存在偏斜的对称零件时,必须通过运输系数来满足。这些方程的解决方案允许确定Onsager区域外系统的通量闭合关系。由于所提出的PDE是在不忽略平衡方程中存在的任何术语(即质量,动量和能量平衡方程)中获得的,因此我们建议它们作为描述在湍流状态中热力学系统中运输的良好候选人。通过分析一个具体的示例来进行初步测试,其中Onsager的关系显然不同意经验:在完全碰撞和湍流方面的磁性损失tokamak-plasmas中的损失。我们显示了理论预测与实验数据之间的良好一致性。目的是将我们的方法应用于意大利和伊特尔建造的“转移Tokamak测试设施”(DTT)。
The objective of this work is to determine the nonlinear flux-force relations for systems out of Onsager's region that respect the existing thermodynamic theorems for systems far from equilibrium. To this aim, a thermodynamic theory for irreversible processes [referred to as the Thermodynamical Field Theory (TFT)] has been developed. The TFT rests upon the concept of equivalence between thermodynamic systems: "The equivalent character of two alternative descriptions of a thermodynamic system is ensured if, and only if, the entropy production and the Glansdorff-Prigogine dissipative quantity remain unaltered under the thermodynamic forces transformation". The TCT leads naturally to the "Thermodynamic Covariance Principle" (TCP) stating that "The nonlinear closure equations, i.e., the flux-force relations, must be covariant under TCT". In this work, we provide the explicit expression of the nonlinear PDEs, subjected to the appropriate boundary conditions, which have to be satisfied by transport coefficients when the skew-symmetric piece is absent. The solution of these equations allows to determine the flux-force closure relations for systems out of the Onsager region. Since the proposed PDEs are obtained without neglecting any term present in the balance equations (i.e., the mass, momentum, and energy balance equations), we propose them as a good candidate for describing transport in thermodynamic systems also in turbulent regime. A preliminary test is carried out by analysing a concrete example where Onsager's relations manifestly disagree with experience: losses in magnetically confined Tokamak-plasmas in fully collisional and in turbulent regimes. We show the good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental data. The aim is to apply our approach to the "Divertor Tokamak Test facility" (DTT), to be built in Italy, and to ITER.