论文标题

从山脊到歧管:以银河系状态的3D表征3D表征

From ridges to manifolds: 3D characterization of the moving groups in the Milky Way disc

论文作者

Bernet, Marcel, Ramos, Pau, Antoja, Teresa, Famaey, Benoit, Monari, Giacomo, Kazwini, Hussein Al, Romero-Gómez, Mercè

论文摘要

太阳能邻域中的恒星速度分布显示运动学子结构,这可能是银河系和先前积聚事件的酒吧和螺旋臂的签名。这些运动学子结构(移动组)可以被认为是6D相空间中的连续流形,而$ V_DACATION $ $和ARCHES中的脊是用Gaia Mission发现的$ v_Dcartion-v_r $平面,作为这些歧管的投影。我们开发并应用了一种方法来对GAIA EDR3 6D数据中的子结构进行盲目搜索,并获得歧管的采样。该方法包括在银河系盘的小体积中执行小波变换,以及将这些局部解决方案分组为全球解决方案,其基于图理论的广度优先搜索算法的方法。我们揭示了速度分布的复杂骨架,在光盘的大区域中对九个主要移动组进行了采样($ 6 $ kpc,$ 60 $ ver,$ 2 $ kpc的径向,方位角和垂直方向)。在径向的方向上,组偏离了恒定角动量线,人们会从谐振的一阶效应中天真地期望。 Acturus,Bobylev和Hercules的方位角速度是非轴对称的。对于赫拉克勒斯(Hercules),我们测量的方位角梯度为$ -0.50 $ km/s/s/s $ r = 8 $ kpc。我们检测到昏迷的方位角速度中的垂直不对称性,这在杆的共鸣中无法预期,这支持了先前关于不完整的垂直相结合的假设。当我们将相同的方法应用于禁止星系的模拟时,我们提取与外部linbdlad相对应的子结构和1:1的共振,并观察与数据一致的模式。这种数据驱动的表征允许与模型进行定量比较,从而提供了一个关键工具来理解银河系的动态。 (简略)

The stellar velocity distribution in the Solar Neighbourhood displays kinematic substructures, which are possibly signatures of the bar and spiral arms of the Milky Way and of previous accretion events. These kinematic substructures -- moving groups -- can be thought of as continuous manifolds in the 6D phase space, and the ridges in the $V_ϕ-R$ and arches in the $V_ϕ-V_R$ plane, discovered with the Gaia mission, as projections of these manifolds. We develop and apply a methodology to perform a blind search for substructure in the Gaia EDR3 6D data, and obtain a sampling of the manifolds. The method consists in the execution of the Wavelet Transform in small volumes of the Milky Way disc, and the grouping of these local solutions into global ones with a method based on the Breadth-first search algorithm from Graph Theory. We reveal the complex skeleton of the velocity distribution, sampling nine main moving groups in a large region of the disc ($6$ kpc, $60$ deg, and $2$ kpc in the radial, azimuthal, and vertical directions). In the radial direction, the groups deviate from lines of constant angular momentum that one would naively expect from first order effect of resonances. The azimuthal velocity of Acturus, Bobylev, and Hercules is non-axisymmetric. For Hercules, we measure an azimuthal gradient of $-0.50$ km/s/deg at $R=8$ kpc. We detect a vertical asymmetry in the azimuthal velocity for Coma Berenices, which is not expected in a resonance of the bar, supporting previous hypothesis of incomplete vertical phase-mixing. When we apply the same methodology to simulations of barred galaxies, we extract substructures corresponding to the Outer Linbdlad and the 1:1 Resonances and observe patterns consistent with the data. This data-driven characterization allows for a quantitative comparison with models, providing a key tool to comprehend the dynamics of the Milky Way. (Abridged)

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