论文标题
EVAC+:具有深度特征CRF层的多尺度V-NET用于大脑提取
EVAC+: Multi-scale V-net with Deep Feature CRF Layers for Brain Extraction
论文作者
论文摘要
大脑提取是预处理3D脑MRI数据的第一步,也是任何即将进行的大脑成像分析的先决条件。但是,由于大脑和人头的复杂结构,这并不是一个简单的分割问题。尽管文献中已经提出了多种解决方案,但我们仍然没有真正强大的方法。尽管以前的方法已经使用了与结构/几何学先验的机器学习,但随着深度学习的发展(DL),提出的神经网络架构有所增加。大多数模型都致力于改善培训数据和损失功能,而架构的变化很小。但是,群体之间具有专家标记的地面真相的可访问培训数据数量各不相同。此外,标签不是从头开始创建的,而是从非DL方法的输出中创建的。因此,大多数DL方法的性能取决于一个数据的数量和质量。在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的架构,我们称为EVAC+来解决此问题。我们表明,与其他网络相比,EVAC+具有3个主要优势:(1)多尺度输入具有有限的随机增强以进行有效学习,(2)使用条件随机字段复发层的独特方法以及(3)专门为增强该体系结构而创建的损失函数。我们将我们的模型与最新的非DL和DL方法进行比较。结果表明,即使传统架构的变化和有限的培训资源变化很小,EVAC+也达到了高稳定的骰子系数和Jaccard索引,以及理想的较低地面距离。最终,我们的模型提供了一种可靠的方法,可以准确减少大脑的复杂多组织接口区域中的细分错误。
Brain extraction is one of the first steps of pre-processing 3D brain MRI data and a prerequisite for any forthcoming brain imaging analyses. However, it is not a simple segmentation problem due to the complex structure of the brain and human head. Although multiple solutions have been proposed in the literature, we are still far from having truly robust methods. While previous methods have used machine learning with structural/geometric priors, with the development of Deep Learning (DL), there has been an increase in proposed Neural Network architectures. Most models focus on improving the training data and loss functions with little change in the architecture. However, the amount of accessible training data with expert-labelled ground truth vary between groups. Moreover, the labels are created not from scratch but from outputs of non-DL methods. Thus, most DL method's performance depend on the amount and quality of data one has. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture we call EVAC+ to work around this issue. We show that EVAC+ has 3 major advantages compared to other networks: (1) Multi-scale input with limited random augmentation for efficient learning, (2) a unique way of using Conditional Random Fields Recurrent Layer and (3) a loss function specifically created to enhance this architecture. We compare our model to state-of-the-art non-DL and DL methods. Results show that even with little change in the traditional architecture and limited training resources, EVAC+ achieves a high and stable Dice Coefficient and Jaccard Index along with a desirable lower surface distance. Ultimately, our model provides a robust way of accurately reducing segmentation errors in complex multi-tissue interfacing areas of brain.