论文标题
高容量可充电$ li/cl_2 $用石墨阳性电极电池
High-Capacity Rechargeable $Li/Cl_2$ Batteries with Graphite Positive Electrodes
论文作者
论文摘要
开发新型的高容量和高能密度可充电电池对后代的消费电子，电动汽车和质量储能应用很重要。 Recently we reported ~ 3.5 V sodium/chlorine $(Na/Cl_2)$ and lithium/chlorine $(Li/Cl_2)$ batteries with up to 1200 mAh $g^{-1}$ reversible capacity, using either a Na or Li metal as the negative electrode, an amorphous carbon nanosphere (aCNS) as the positive electrode, and aluminum chloride $(AlCl_3)$ dissolved在硫代氯化物中$（SOCL_2）$以基于氟化物的添加剂作为电解质。阳性电极中的高表面积和大孔体积的ACN促进了NaCl或LICL沉积以及$ Cl_2 $的捕获，用于可逆的$ NACL/CL_2 $或$ LICL/CL_2 $ REDOX REACTIONS和电池电池排放/充电/电荷循环。在这里，我们报告最初的表面积/孔隙率石墨（DGR）材料为$ li/cl_2 $电池中的正电极，在1000°C（DGR_AC）激活二氧化碳$（CO_2）$后，具有高电池的性能，其首次放电容量〜1910 mAh $ g^{ - 1} $ g^{ - 1} $ g^$ g^$ g^$ g^^$ g^^$ g^^$ g^^$ g^^$ g^^$ g^^$ g^^^^^1200 mah $ 1200 MAH。事前拉曼光谱和X射线衍射（XRD）揭示了石墨在电池循环上的演变，包括互化/DE间距和去角质，产生了足够的孔，用于托管$ LICL/CL_2 $ REDOX。这项工作为高容量碱金属/$ CL_2 $电池开放了广泛可用的低成本石墨材料。最后，我们采用了质谱法来探测被困在石墨阳性电极中的$ CL_2 $，将光放入$ li/cl_2 $电池操作中。
Developing new types of high-capacity and high-energy density rechargeable battery is important to future generations of consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and mass energy storage applications. Recently we reported ~ 3.5 V sodium/chlorine $(Na/Cl_2)$ and lithium/chlorine $(Li/Cl_2)$ batteries with up to 1200 mAh $g^{-1}$ reversible capacity, using either a Na or Li metal as the negative electrode, an amorphous carbon nanosphere (aCNS) as the positive electrode, and aluminum chloride $(AlCl_3)$ dissolved in thionyl chloride $(SOCl_2)$ with fluoride-based additives as the electrolyte. The high surface area and large pore volume of aCNS in the positive electrode facilitated NaCl or LiCl deposition and trapping of $Cl_2$ for reversible $NaCl/Cl_2$ or $LiCl/Cl_2$ redox reactions and battery discharge/charge cycling. Here we report an initially low surface area/porosity graphite (DGr) material as the positive electrode in a $Li/Cl_2$ battery, attaining high battery performance after activation in carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$ at 1000 °C (DGr_ac) with the first discharge capacity ~ 1910 mAh $g^{-1}$ and a cycling capacity up to 1200 mAh $g^{-1}$. Ex situ Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the evolution of graphite over battery cycling, including intercalation/de-intercalation and exfoliation that generated sufficient pores for hosting $LiCl/Cl_2$ redox. This work opens up widely available, low-cost graphitic materials for high-capacity alkali metal/$Cl_2$ batteries. Lastly, we employed mass spectrometry to probe the $Cl_2$ trapped in the graphitic positive electrode, shedding light into the $Li/Cl_2$ battery operation.
