论文标题

什么是平面λCDM,我们可以选择它吗?

What is flat ΛCDM, and may we choose it?

论文作者

Anselmi, Stefano, Carney, Matthew F., Giblin Jr, John T., Kumar, Saurabh, Mertens, James B., ODwyer, Marcio, Starkman, Glenn D., Tian, Chi

论文摘要

宇宙既不是均匀的也不是各向同性的,但是它足够近,我们可以在适当的大尺度上合理地将其合理地近似。通货膨胀 - $λ$ -Cold暗物质($λ$ CDM)一致性宇宙学建立在这些假设的基础上,以描述波动的起源和演变。有了关于应力能源的标准假设,该系统仅由七个现象学参数指定,其与潜在的基本理论的确切关系很复杂,可能取决于这些领域的细节。然而,设置表征空间曲率$ω_k$的参数是普遍的做法,完全是零。此参数固定的$λ$ CDM被授予与单独模型的区分状态,“ flat $λ$ cdm。” IPSO事实上,这将“弯曲$λ$ CDM'”的支持者放在了责任上,以提供足够的证据,表明$ω_k\ neq0 $,并且需要作为参数。尽管某些具有某些参数值和某些初始条件值的通货膨胀模型Lagrangians将导致当今的宇宙良好地描述为包含零曲率的曲率,但这并不能证明将Lagrangians,参数和初始条件的子集区分为一个单独的模型。没有任何理论参数,我们不能使用建议小$ω_k$的观察值来强制执行$ω__k= 0 $。我们在采摘通货膨胀模型及其参数方面的往绩使人们的选择令人怀疑,并担心宇宙学参数的紧张局势和大角度宇宙 - 宇宙 - 微波式 - 靠背异常都可以增强反对这一选择的争论。我们认为$ω_k$不得设置为零,并且$λ$ CDM仍然是具有至少7个参数的现象学模型。

The Universe is neither homogeneous nor isotropic, but it is close enough that we can reasonably approximate it as such on suitably large scales. The inflationary-$Λ$-Cold Dark Matter ($Λ$CDM) concordance cosmology builds on these assumptions to describe the origin and evolution of fluctuations. With standard assumptions about stress-energy sources, this system is specified by just seven phenomenological parameters, whose precise relations to underlying fundamental theories are complicated and may depend on details of those fields. Nevertheless, it is common practice to set the parameter that characterizes the spatial curvature, $Ω_K$, exactly to zero. This parameter-fixed $Λ$CDM is awarded distinguished status as separate model, "flat $Λ$CDM.'' Ipso facto this places the onus on proponents of "curved $Λ$CDM'' to present sufficient evidence that $Ω_K\neq0$, and is needed as a parameter. While certain inflationary model Lagrangians, with certain values of their parameters, and certain initial conditions, will lead to a present-day universe well-described as containing zero curvature, this does not justify distinguishing that subset of Lagrangians, parameters and initial conditions into a separate model. Absent any theoretical arguments, we cannot use observations that suggest small $Ω_K$ to enforce $Ω_K=0$. Our track record in picking inflationary models and their parameters a priori makes such a choice dubious, and concerns about tensions in cosmological parameters and large-angle cosmic-microwave-background anomalies strengthens arguments against this choice. We argue that $Ω_K$ must not be set to zero, and that $Λ$CDM remains a phenomenological model with at least 7 parameters.

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